Scholars of international relations and international communications view the extent of media freedom from country to country as a key comparative indicator either by itself or in correlation with other indices of national political and economic development. This indicator serves as a bellwether for gauging the health and spread of democracy.

Historical Guide to World Media Freedom is a new reference from CQ Press that brings together comprehensive historical data on media freedom since World War II. It provides consistent and comparable measures of media freedom in all independent countries for the years 1948 to the present. The work also includes country-by country summaries, analyses of historical and regional trends in media freedom, and extensive reliability analyses of media freedom measures.

The key information provided is designed to help researchers connect these historical measures of media freedom to Freedom House's annual Freedom of the Press survey release, enabling them to extend their studies back before the 1980s when Freedom House began compiling global press freedom measures.

The reference covers three major areas

-introductory chapters discuss the theoretical premises behind the nature and importance of media freedom, operational definitions of media freedom, the challenges of compiling reliable measures, historical trends, and the challenges of coding for media freedom in a way that ensures consistency for comparison.

-the heart of the book includes alphabetical, country-by-country summaries of the ebb and flow of media freedom paired with national media freedom measures over time. This is essential reading for researchers to connect the dots in understanding global media freedom.

-concluding material provides a detailed discussion of the historical patterns in media freedom, consideration of how media freedom tracks with other cross-national indicators, and discussion of the reliability of the information available on media freedom.

Accessible to both students and scholars alike, this groundbreaking new reference will be essential to collections in political science, international studies, and journalism and communications.

Togo: 1960–2012

Togo: 1960–2012
Togo Year by Year
YearMediaGovernment
1960Not FreeAutocracy
1961Not FreeAutocracy
1962Not FreeAutocracy
1963Not FreeAutocracy
1964Not FreeAutocracy
1965Not FreeAutocracy
1966Not FreeAutocracy
1967Not FreeAutocracy
1968Not FreeAutocracy
1969Not FreeAutocracy
1970Not FreeAutocracy
1971Not FreeAutocracy
1972Not FreeAutocracy
1973Not FreeAutocracy
1974Not FreeAutocracy
1975Not FreeAutocracy
1976Not FreeAutocracy
1977Not FreeAutocracy
1978Not FreeAutocracy
1979Not FreeAutocracy
1980Not FreeAutocracy
1981Not FreeAutocracy
1982Not FreeAutocracy
1983Not FreeAutocracy
1984Not FreeAutocracy
1985Not FreeAutocracy
1986Not FreeAutocracy
1987Not FreeAutocracy
1988Not FreeAutocracy
1989Not FreeAutocracy
1990Not FreeAutocracy
1991Not FreeIn Transition
1992Not FreeIn Transition
1993Not FreeAnocracy
1994Not FreeAnocracy
1995Not FreeAnocracy
1996Not FreeAnocracy
1997Not FreeAnocracy
1998Not FreeAnocracy
1999Not FreeAnocracy
2000Not FreeAnocracy
2001Not FreeAnocracy
2002Not FreeAnocracy
2003Not FreeAnocracy
2004Not FreeAnocracy
2005Not FreeAnocracy
2006Not FreeAnocracy
2007Not FreeAnocracy
2008Not FreeAnocracy
2009Not FreeAnocracy
2010Not FreeAnocracy
2011Not FreeAnocracy
2012Not FreeAnocracy

Media Freedom History in a Nutshell

  • Since independence, Togo has been under authoritarian rule with restricted news media
  • In the 1990s, the number of independent news outlets increased but the government-run media remained dominant
  • Togo has a hostile media environment with a long history of violence against journalists
  • As of 2012, Togo had approximately one hundred radio stations (mostly private), eight independently owned television stations, and two independent ...
  • Loading...
locked icon

Sign in to access this content

Get a 30 day FREE TRIAL

  • Watch videos from a variety of sources bringing classroom topics to life
  • Read modern, diverse business cases
  • Explore hundreds of books and reference titles