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Marx, Karl
Karl Marx (1818–83) has been a notable figure in modern political thought in three distinct ways. From the 1880s to the 1980s, he was the eponymous icon of Marxism, a collection of political and philosophical doctrines derived from some of his works by commentators and politicians. These ideas were characteristically expressed in dogmatic terms such as scientific socialism, materialist conception of history, dialectical materialism, and the dictatorship of the proletariat. In modern political thought, Marxism was initially and mainly treated as constitutive of wide-ranging and transformative political struggles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, such as anticapitalist party politics and conspiratorial activity in the West, the Russian and Chinese revolutions in the East, and national liberation movements and Cold War conflicts worldwide.
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