Summary
Contents
Subject index
Featuring vignettes, graphic organizers, instructional strategies, up-to-date research, and more, this updated bestseller helps educators understand the most effective ways to teach all students to read.
Fluency
Fluency
Fluency is the ability to read so effortlessly and automatically that working memory is available for the ultimate purpose of reading—extracting and constructing meaning from the text. Fluency can be observed in accurate, automatic, and expressive oral reading and makes possible, silent reading comprehension (Harris & Hodges, 1995, p. 85; Pikulski & Chard, 2005, p. 510).
Ifully expected that my son Patrick would come home from kindergarten early in the fall of 1977 and announce that he had learned to read that day. After all, his older sister by two years had done just that. Because Patrick had enjoyed virtually identical literacy experiences since birth, it seemed a foregone conclusion to me that he would become a fluent reader at exactly the same time as ...
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