Summary
Contents
Subject index
The Second Edition of Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and Parents has been completely revised and expanded to provide the most up-to-date and extensive coverage of prejudice and racism available. The new edition of this bestselling text presents a comprehensive overview of these topics and also includes practical tools for combating prejudice development in children, adolescents, and adults.
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Front Matter
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Chapters
Part I: Prejudice and Racism: Prevalence and Consequences
- Chapter 1: Understanding Prejudice and Racism
- The Problem of Hate
- Purpose and Focus of This Book
- Some Important Definitions
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Culture
- Minority
- Majority
- Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups
- Understanding Prejudice
- Defining Prejudice
- The Nature of Prejudice
- Expressions of Prejudice
- Understanding Racism
- Defining Racism
- The Prejudice-Racism Distinction
- Who Can Be Racist?
- Racism is a White Problem
- Prevalence of Racism
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 2: Some Historical Background on the Origins and Evolution of Racial Prejudice
- Prehistoric Roots of Racial Prejudice
- Evolution and the Genetic Predisposition toward Prejudice
- Tribalism and Survival in Prehistoric Times
- Origins of Modern Racial Prejudice
- Racial Prejudice in Pre-Christian Europe
- Racial Prejudice in the New World
- Birth of Scientific Racism
- Evolution of Racial Prejudice
- Out with the Old; in with the New
- Implications for Prejudice Reduction
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 3: Causes and Consequences of Racial Prejudice
- Racism and White Americans
- Psychological Mechanisms of White Racism
- Negative Consequences of Racism for White Americans
- Racism and the Black Experience
- Mechanisms of Anti-Black Racism
- Negative Consequences of Racism for Blacks
- Effects of Prolonged Exposure to Racism
- Acute Racism Reactions
- Chapter Summary
Part II: Racial, Biracial, Multiracial, and Lesbian and Gay Identity Development and the Multicultural Personality
- Chapter 4: Person of Color (Minority) Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice
- Erikson's and Marcia's Models of Identity Development
- Hardiman's Stages of Social Identity Development
- No Social Consciousness
- Acceptance
- Resistance
- Redefinition
- Internalization
- General Models of Minority Identity Development
- Phinney's Model of Ethnic Identity Development
- Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's Minority Identity Development Model
- Helms's People of Color Racial Identity Model
- Race- and Ethnicity-Specific Models of Minority Identity Development
- Cross's Psychology of Nigrescence
- Kim's Model of Asian American Identity Development
- Arce's Model of Chicano Identity
- Ruiz's Model of Ethnic Identity for Chicano and Latino Populations
- Integration of Identity Models and Relationship to Mental Health and Prejudice
- Identification with the White Majority
- Awareness, Encounter, and Search
- Identification and Immersion
- Integration and Internalization
- Summary of Research Correlates of Identity Stages
- Chapter 5: European American (White) Racial Identity Development, Mental Health, and Prejudice
- Hardiman's White Identity Development Model
- Lack of Social Consciousness
- Acceptance
- Resistance
- Redefinition
- Internalization
- Helms's White Racial Identity Model
- Contact
- Disintegration
- Reintegration
- Pseudoindependence
- Immersion
- Emersion
- Autonomy
- Ponterotto's White Racial Consciousness Development Model
- Pre-Exposure
- Exposure
- Zealot-Defensive
- Integration
- Rowe, Bennett, and Atkinson's White Racial Consciousness Model
- Achieved Types
- Unachieved Types
- A Revised White Racial Consciousness Conceptualization
- Integrative Models of White Racial Identity
- Sabnani et al.'s White Racial Identity Model
- Sue et al.'s Descriptive Model of White Racial Identity
- Why is White Racial Identity Development Important? What Does the Research Say?
- Chapter 6: Biracial, Multiracial, and Gay or Lesbian Identity Development
- Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
- Antimiscegenation Laws and the Supreme Court
- Models of Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
- Poston's Biracial Identity Development Model
- Jacobs's Model of Biracial Identity Development
- Kich's Three-Stage Model of Japanese-White Biracial Identity Development
- The Kerwin-Ponterotto Model of Biracial Identity Development
- Root's Evolving Model of Multiracial Identity
- Choi-Misailidis's Multiracial-Heritage Awareness and Personal Affiliation Theory
- Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Development
- Models of Gay and Lesbian Identity Development
- Cass's Theoretical Model of Homosexuality Identity Formation
- Coleman's Stages of the Coming out Process
- Fassinger and Colleagues' Inclusive Model of Lesbian and Gay Identity Formation
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 7: Multicultural Personality Development
- What is the Multicultural Personality?
- How Does the Multicultural Personality Relate to Broader Models of Personality?
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Development
- Coping with Cultural Diversity within the United States
- The Tolerant Personality
- Universal-Diverse Orientation
- An Expansionist Theory of Gender Roles
- African-Centered Values and Mental Health
- Expatriate Adjustment Literature
- Chapter Summary
Part III: Proactive Roles in Reducing Prejudice
- Chapter 8: Counselor Roles in Prejudice Reduction and Race Relations
- Traditional Roles of the Counselor
- Counselor Skills and Prejudice Prevention Work
- Reducing Ethnocentrism Through Racial and Ethnic Identity and Multicultural Personality Development
- Promoting Meaningful Intergroup Contact
- Cognitive Categorizations and Transforming Negative Racial Attitudes
- Counselor Roles in Working with Prejudice
- Parent Training
- Faculty and Administration Consultants
- Group Counseling and Support
- Individual and Family Counseling
- Crisis Intervention
- Activism and Social Justice
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 9: Teacher Roles in Prejudice Reduction
- Teacher- and Student-Centered Strategies for Reducing Prejudice
- An Invitational Approach to Reducing Prejudice
- Rule of Five C's
- Fostering Critical Thinking Skills in Reducing Prejudice in Students
- Using Curricula and Instructional Techniques to Reduce Prejudice
- School-Based Prejudice Reduction Program
- Creating a Prejudice-Free Classroom and School Environment
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 10: Parent Roles in Prejudice Reduction
- Children and Prejudice
- Early Formation of Racial Attitudes and Preferences
- How Do Parents, Peers, and Personality Influence Prejudice Levels in Children?
- Parental Influence
- Peer Influence
- Personality Differences
- What Parents Can Do to Promote Tolerance in Their Children
- Chapter Summary
Part IV: Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction
- An Orientation to Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and Prejudice Reduction
- Chapter 11: Race Relations in Elementary and Middle Schools
- Exercise 1: The Label Game
- Exercise 2: Patterns of Difference
- Exercise 3: Symbols of Our Culture
- Exercise 4: One Situation but Many Interpretations
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 12: Race Relations in High School
- Exercise 5: Being Normal and Being Abnormal
- Exercise 6: Stereotypes
- Exercise 7: Personal Culture History
- Exercise 8: Predicting the Decision of a Resource Person from the Community
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 13: Race Relations on the College Campus
- Exercise 9: A Classroom Debate
- Exercise 10: Analysis of a Newspaper Article Through Role-Playing
- Exercise 11: Designing a Multiethnic Simulation
- Exercise 12: Lump Sum
- Chapter Summary
- Chapter 14: Race Relations in the Community
- Exercise 13: Critical Incidents
- Exercise 14: The Intrapersonal Cultural Grid
- Exercise 15: The Interpersonal Cultural Grid
- Exercise 16: Outside “Experts”
- Chapter Summary
Part V: Instruments and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work
- Chapter 15: Assessments of Prejudice, Cultural Competence, Stressful Effects of Racism, Racial and Ethnic Identity, and the Multicultural Personality
- Measures of Racism, Prejudice, and Homophobia
- Limited
- Adequate
- Strong
- Featured Instrument: Quick Discrimination Index
- Measures of Multicultural Counseling Competence
- Featured Instrument: Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale
- Measures of Teachers' Multicultural Competence
- Featured Instrument: Teacher Multicultural Attitude Scale
- Measures of the Stressful Effects of Racism
- Featured Instrument: Index of Race-Related Stress–Brief Version
- Measures of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development
- Measures of the Multicultural Personality
- Guidelines for Selecting Multicultural Instruments
- Chapter 16: A Race Awareness Resource Guide
- National Organizations
- Books
- True Classics
- Highly Recommended as Well
- Also Recommended
- Films and Videos
- Popular Movies
- Working with Films and Books
- Stimulus Questions for The Color of Fear
- Stimulus Questions for Eye of the Storm
- Stimulus Questions for Do the Right Thing
- Racial Identity Exercises for The Color of Fear and Do the Right Thing
- Chapter Summary
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Back Matter
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