This comprehensive resource examines five major models of professional development and how they can be implemented and tailored to meet the multifaceted needs of any school or district.

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Embracing Both Personal and Formal Knowledge without Being Bowled over by Either: The Nature of Evidence

Embracing Both Personal and Formal Knowledge without Being Bowled over by Either: The Nature of Evidence

Embracing both personal and formal knowledge without being bowled over by either: The nature of evidence

I didn't really set out to be a teacher/researcher. But it's that or let your mind go to sleep.

—our reflective observer

Districts, schools, and teachers need to focus on the outcomes they want and measure them—LOOKING FOR GAIN—in the most direct way possible. If they get large gains, that is good. Factors other than the treatment may be at work, but there are no uncontaminating controls in education. Schools exist in a cultural ocean that is more like the restless sea than a placid pond.

—our reflective observer

Let's begin by wading directly into the muddy ...

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