This Second Edition of Making Policy in Europe is fully revised and expanded to provide the most up-to-date introduction to the study of policymaking in the European Union (EU). The first part of the book introduces the different perspectives to study of the EU as a political system, and provides a framework for the study of the main actors and institutions in the decision-making process from transnational lobbying within Brussels to the implementation of EU law in national member states. Part two introduces each of the main sectoral policy areas. The common "market" is introduced and reviewed before students are provided with detailed studies of policies and policy-making in telecommunication

Educational Policy: Institutionalization and Multi-Level Governance

Educational Policy: Institutionalization and Multi-Level Governance

Educational policy: Institutionalization and multi-level governance
ErikBeukel

Introduction: Europeanization and Education

Education is not among the policy areas that form the basis of the European Union. Ever since the European integration process was initiated in the 1950s and the European Community was created in 1957, economic issue areas have been the nucleus of integration. Being a non-economic issue area, education has not – until the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in late 1993 – been referred to as an independent subject for common policies in the treaties. This reflects that national regulatory and problem-solving capacities are high in the educational field while European capacities are low (Scharpf 1999: 116–20). In contrast to some of the other policy areas treated in this book, ...

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