Books

Effective Collaboration for Educating the Whole Child

Books

Carol A. Kochhar-Bryant & Angela Heishman

Publication Year: 2010

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452219295

Subject: Diverse Learners, Teaching At-Risk Students

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Print ISBN: 9781412965279 |

Online ISBN: 9781452219295

Online Publication Date: May 31, 2012

Publisher: Corwin Press |

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Abstract

This book examines collaboration between teachers, administrators, student support specialists, community agencies, and service providers to improve outcomes for students with complex learning needs.

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Dedication

[Page ii]
This book is dedicated to our students who have moved into professional roles and are exercising leadership every day to provide collaborative services to address the needs of the whole child. Their impact on the field and on children and youth are the true measure of our work. We also dedicate this work to the parents of students with complex needs who struggle daily to negotiate the maze of services distributed among multiple agencies. They are accidental “service coordinators,” and from them we have so much to learn if we listen.

Copyright

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[Page iv]
Copyright © 2010 by Corwin
All rights reserved. When forms and sample documents are included, their use is authorized only by educators, local school sites, and/or noncommercial or nonprofit entities that have purchased the book. Except for that usage, no part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kochhar-Bryant, Carol A.
Effective collaboration for educating the whole child / Carol A. Kochhar-Bryant, Angela Heishman. p. cm.
“A Joint Publication With the National Staff Development Council.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4129-6527-9 (pbk.)
1. Children with social disabilities—Education—United States. 2. Multicultural education—United States. 3. Group work in education—United States. 4. School environment—United States. I. Heishman, Angela. II. Title.
LC4091.K63 2010
371.91—dc22
2009053419
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
10 11 12 13 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Acquisitions Editor: Jessica Allan
Associate Editor: Joanna Coelho
Editorial Assistant: Allison Scott
Production Editor: Veronica Stapleton
Copy Editor: Paula L. Fleming
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreader: Wendy Jo Dymond
Indexer: Sheila Bodell
Cover Designer: Scott Van Atta

Preface

[Page ix]
An overarching goal of education is to promote the highest possible level of academic development for each child who arrives at the school door. However, academic development alone is insufficient for preparing today's 21st-century citizen. As school professionals become increasingly concerned with the academic performance of students, they are more aware of the need for educating the whole child—attending to cognitive, social-emotional, physical, and ethical development. Furthermore, emerging research related to the developing brain and new knowledge about child resilience makes it imperative that school personnel pay close attention to how the school, family, and community environments impact students' healthy development and school achievement.
Educating the whole child requires that teaching and learning embrace all dimensions of student development. Achieving these goals for each student requires collaboration among professionals within the school and in the community. This challenge raises several questions. How do professionals from different disciplines work together and blend their skills and talents to address the developmental needs of students? How do professionals work across the institutional boundaries of schools and community agencies? What attitudes and beliefs about collaboration are needed to work together effectively to create school environments for children who are healthy—socially, emotionally, and developmentally? Who takes responsibility for the collaborative process, and who intervenes when the process breaks down? This book describes the characteristics of effective collaborative teams for educating the whole child and how to create them.
It has long been recognized that schools alone cannot provide all the supports that children and their families need. Shared responsibility for a community's children has recently become a watchword for educators and human service personnel. The notion of shared responsibility implies working across school-community agency boundaries to create a well-coordinated service system to meet the holistic (whole-child) needs of students. This book, therefore, is concerned with connecting systems—within schools and between schools and communities—and the extraordinary communication and cooperation it takes to accomplish it.
This book also emphasizes the important transitions in the course of development and progress from elementary years through high school and into the adult world. The transition from one level to another (e.g., kindergarten to first grade, elementary to middle, middle to high school, and high school to higher education or employment) can be an exciting time, but it is daunting for many children and their parents. Recent research indicates that one-third of all children demonstrate mild to serious difficulties with such transitions, which can interfere with learning and development. Well-coordinated and supported transitions can make the difference between success and chronic struggle as children move from one level in the education system to the next. A developmentally healthy environment reflects the careful attention of professionals to these transitions.
[Page x]Finally, this book centers on the role of collaboration and coordination as central to problem solving and change in classrooms, schools, and school-community systems. Collaboration and coordination are essential to change in relationships among people, which leads to change in practices, which ultimately leads to healthy development and academic progress in students. Often both the successes and the difficulties with the collaborative process can be traced to problems in professional and personal relationships. Likewise, the cornerstones of coordinated interagency relationships are the personal relationships of the individuals involved. The quality of these relationships depends on the team skills and beliefs and attitudes of the people involved. The chapters that follow address how professional collaboration and coordination work, who takes responsibility for the process, and how it ultimately can affect student outcomes.
Introduction to the Chapters
Chapter 1, What Does It Mean to Educate the Whole Child? introduces the issues and challenges that professionals face in responding to the wide range of developmental needs of children and youth in schools. This chapter presents a picture of the conditions for children and youth today that greatly affect their educational participation, engagement, progress, and ultimate life outcomes—and that warrant a call to action. The chapter explores the challenges of educating children—both with and without identified disabilities—who develop at greatly differing rates. It examines the connection between children's environment and learning and defines collaboration as being essential in schools' responses to serving the whole child. The chapters in the balance of this book address how collaboration and coordination work for educating the whole child and who takes responsibility for the process.
Chapter 2, What Is a Developmentally Healthy School Environment? defines the characteristics of a healthy school environment, the factors that promote it, and those that undermine it. The chapter discusses the connections between school environment and learning and between social and emotional health and learning, the impacts of key transition points on learning, and the importance of professional collaboration in attending to the range of developmental domains of students. The chapter also explores the special needs of students, both with and without disabilities, who need extra support in the school environment, including those who do not meet criteria for special education. It addresses factors that are associated with school safety and violence prevention, school dropout prevention, and reduction in placement into alternative education settings, and it discusses the role of families.
Chapter 3, What Laws Promote Collaboration for the Whole Child Initiative? traces the history of our concern about the relationship between the school environment and children's development. It outlines the history of perspectives on the role of schools in addressing the needs of the whole child and introduces the emergence of strength-based approaches and the impact of the positive youth development movement. This chapter discusses policy makers' recognition of the importance of school-linked services and interagency collaboration in promoting students' academic success and general developmental progress through schooling. This chapter also provides an overview of the laws that promote developmentally healthy school environments, including the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, Safe and Drug-Free Schools legislation, and emerging mental health legislation at the state and federal levels.
[Page xi]Chapter 4, How Do Schools Create Developmentally Responsive Environments? discusses the roles, responsibilities, and interconnections among a variety of professionals who collaborate to create developmentally healthy school environments. These professionals include teachers, administrators, counselors, school psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, and other related support service specialists in the school community. Their roles in developing strengths-based developmental approaches through collaboration are explored, with voices of professionals incorporated throughout the chapter.
Chapter 5, How Do Professionals Collaborate to Educate the Whole Child? discusses the essential relationships and skills needed for effective communication, collaboration, and coordination to take place and describes the characteristics of effective collaborative teams. It explores why intraschool collaboration and interagency service coordination have been so difficult to accomplish within the field of education. The chapter introduces models and strategies for collaboration, stages in the development of collaborative teams, barriers to collaboration, and principles and professional standards for collaboration. Examples of professional collaboration are presented.
Chapter 6, What Is the Role of Community Agencies? explores strategies to support developmentally healthy school environments through coordinated services between schools and community agencies. Models for coordination, stages in the development of school-agency relationships, development of interagency agreements, and whole-school approaches to coordination are introduced. Whole-school approaches and interagency coordination are illustrated with case examples.
Chapter 7, How Does Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Affect Professional Collaboration? explores the question of how cultural and linguistic diversity affects professional collaboration among educators and other professionals and how educators can improve collaboration and coordination of services for culturally and linguistically diverse students and families. The chapter introduces principles for professional collaboration with culturally and linguistically diverse students and parents, and it discusses barriers to communication and collaboration associated with diversity and presents strategies for overcoming them.
Chapter 8, Celebrating Our Work: The Benefits and Positive Impacts of Professional Collaboration, explores what is working in local schools to create developmentally healthy environments. It discusses the signs of success and describes methods of measuring the impact of collaboration on schools and student achievement. A tool for self-assessment of professional collaboration is presented.
What is the Authors' Relevant Experience?
Throughout our professional lives, we have collaborated with teachers, counselors, school psychologists, speech and language specialists, and related services personnel to promote collaboration in their preparation and in their practice. We have learned three important lessons over the years: (1) across the nation, students preparing to work in schools in the fields of counseling, school psychology, and related professions are not adequately prepared in their training to collaborate with teachers, particularly in regard to students with special learning needs; (2) teachers in training across the nation are not adequately prepared to collaborate with other school professionals; and (3) school personnel and researchers confirm that the need for such collaboration is growing in every school district across the United States. Furthermore, [Page xii]few professionals are prepared for school settings in which social, emotional, and behavioral disorders are becoming more prevalent.
The book is also based on over 30 years' experience developing, managing, and studying school and community agency coordination, at the local, state, and national levels, for children and youth who are at risk of failing to thrive socially or academically in general education. The material in the book reflects our experiences working with schools, school systems, and states to improve collaboration and coordination among agencies. The chapters have also been shaped by years of research and countless interviews with teachers, school administrators, counselors and school psychologists, speech-language specialists, local and state coordinators, parents, students, and others involved in making collaboration and coordination work.
Finally, Carol Kochhar-Bryant's perspective has been deeply enriched by the experience of being a parent of a young adult who has needed specialized and supportive services from a variety of agencies and professionals through most of his life. He is now navigating the tumultuous passage of transition into young adulthood, gradually gaining ground in his daily struggle to overcome multiple challenges from within. Together over the years, he and his mother have negotiated services from five different agencies to provide the combination of supports he has needed. Together, they have learned just how important the parent is in the collaboration and coordination process, and just how unpredictable the journey.
For Whom was This Book Written?
This book is designed for a variety of professionals who want to improve school collaboration and the coordination of services to address the needs of the whole child. The book is useful for any professional concerned with children—both with and without identified disabilities—who receive services that require professional collaboration within the school or among schools and community agencies. The material is appropriate for those preparing for professional roles in a variety of education and human services fields, including as general educators, special educators, administrators, school counselors, psychologists, speech-language therapists, parents and parent advocates, guidance counselors, school counselors and mental health workers, and professional development coordinators.
Acknowledgments
[Page xiii]
We would like to acknowledge the significant contributions of our editors, who were at once encouraging, supportive, and patient as they shepherded us through this process. Also, we express deep appreciation for our external review panel, whose comments, suggestions and critiques have greatly improved this work. Finally, we thank our colleagues who contributed anecdotes, stories, cases, and perspectives that added richness and depth to the landscape of this book.
Corwin gratefully acknowledges the contributions of the following individuals:
Charlotte Y. Alverson, Transition Specialist
Eugene, OR
Elizabeth Evans Getzel, VCU-RRTC Director of Postsecondary Education Initiatives
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Deborah Long, Mentor Coordinator
Merced Union High School
Merced, CA
Amanda McKee, Math Teacher
Johnsonville High School
Johnsonville, SC
Maria Mesires, Seventh-Grade Life Science Teacher, Chair & Intermediate SAR for STANYS
Northcentral Case Middle School
Watertown, NY
Cathy Riggs, Director of Special Education and Pupil Services
Rocky Hill Public Schools
Rocky Hill, CT
Sancta Sorenson, Special Education Teacher
Omaha Public Schools
Omaha, NE
[Page xiv]
Pattie Thomas, Principal
Raymond L. Young Elementary School
Talladega, Al
Kathy Tritz-Rhodes, Principal
Marcus-Meriden-Cleghorn Schools
Marcus, IA
Kim Vogel, Principal
Parkdale Elementary School
Parkdale, OR
About the Author

[Page xv]
Carol A. Kochhar-Bryant, EdD, is Professor of Special Education at The George Washington (GW) University, Washington, D.C. She has developed and directed graduate and doctoral leadership development programs in special education and conducts evaluations for public school districts, state departments of education, and federal agencies to improve educational services for all learners. Trained in special education and psychology, Dr. Kochhar-Bryant has directed residential services for individuals with disabilities and community service coordination/case management services and has worked in in-patient psychiatric services. Her research interests focus on educating adolescents with complex learning needs in general and in alternative education settings, mental health concerns and system coordination, effective transition of youth to adult life, and preparation of leadership to assist at-risk youth. She collaborated for 10 years with the Hamilton Fish Institute on School and Community Violence at the GW University, conducting research on alternative pathways through education for youth. Her recent relevant publications on these subjects include Pathways to Successful Transition for Youth with Disabilities (coauthored with Gary Greene, 2nd edition, 2008); Collaboration and System Coordination for Children with Special Needs: From Early Childhood to the Postsecondary Years (2007); Expelling Violent Students: The Alternative Is Education; “Alternative Education as a Quality Choice for Youth: Preparing Educators for Effective Programs” (coauthored with Renee Lacey); “Caring Alternatives: Interagency Collaboration to Improve Outcomes for Students With Mental Health Needs”; and Profiling Success in Alternative Education. Dr. Kochhar-Bryant is past president of the Division on Career Development and Transition of the Council for Exceptional Children. She lives in Reston, Virginia, with her husband and is a mother of four.

About the Contributor

[Page xvi]
Angela Heishman is a Nationally Certified School Psychologist, a Certified School Psychologist in Pennsylvania, and a Licensed Professional Counselor. She holds a Diplomate in School Neuropsychology from the American Board of School Neuropsychology. She is currently a school psychologist and Student Assistance Coordinator at the Big Spring School District in Newville, Pennsylvania. In her previous employment at Teenline at Holy Spirit Hospital in Camp Hill, she served as a mental health liaison, program consultant, and crisis responder for several Student Assistance Teams across central Pennsylvania. She was also a lead trainer on the Student Assistance Program (SAP) model as endorsed by the Commonwealth Approved Training System through the Pennsylvania Department of Education's Division of Safe and Drug Free schools. In addition to her experiences as an outpatient counselor, she has also worked extensively with adults with disabilities in residential services. She is currently a doctoral candidate in special education at George Washington University, Washington, D.C. She lives with her husband and twin children, Ian and Ava.
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Effective Collaboration for Educating the Whole Child

Carol A. Kochhar-Bryant & Angela Heishman

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Carol A. Kochhar-Bryant & Angela Heishman

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