More commonly known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) carry a heavy burden of disease for women. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the term STI replace the term STD, as it better reflects the asymptomatic nature of most infections.

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI, with more than 40 types that can affect [Page 1338]the skin of the genitals. Most do not develop symptoms, and untreated HPV in women can cause cervical cancer, genital warts, and cancers of the vulva, vagina, and anus. HPV is transmitted through vaginal and anal sexual contact. Preventing HPV-related diseases includes regular cervical cancer screenings and pap exams. There is also now a vaccine for girls aged 11 through 26 years ...