Chemistry, Women in

Women remain a minority in chemistry as in other male-dominated fields such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, despite the achievement of gender parity in participation and achievement in the sciences at elementary and secondary education levels. This gender gap increases as females ascend the educational and career ladder, in what researchers often term the “shrinking” or “leaky pipeline.” Causes include gender stereotyping and lowered expectations for female success, family responsibilities, and limited mentoring and networking opportunities. A number of organizations have arisen to attract more women to the field and improve working conditions.