The concept of the right to the city is most closely associated with Henri Lefebvre, the Marxist philosopher of space and everyday life, in his classic polemic Le Droit à la ville (1968/The Right to the City). The right to the city, for Lefebvre, was, first, an abstract claim—what he called the right to the oeuvre, or work, that is, the right to belong to, and to determine the fate of, that urban world that urban dwellers had created: the right not to be alienated from the spaces of everyday life. Second, it was a concrete claim to social, economic, and political goods: housing, culture, work that develops workers rather than destroys them, the rights of the elderly and children, and especially, the rights of ...