Posttraumatic growth and spiritual intelligence are relatively new concepts that are being investigated in the field of trauma. Both are aspects of positive responses to traumatic events. Posttraumatic growth was introduced by Richard Tedeschi and Lawrence Calhoun in 1995, referring to positive changes that some trauma survivors report as a result of the struggle to cope with traumatic events. People report five areas of growth: improvements in interpersonal relationships, a greater appreciation for life, new opportunities or pathways in life, a greater sense of personal strength in ability to cope with crises, and spiritual changes or development. Spiritual intelligence was defined by Robert Emmons in 1999 as consisting of a number of abilities and competencies that allow the adaptive processing of spiritual information. These capabilities ...