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Executive Order 13581
On July 24, 2011, President Barack Obama signed Executive Order 13581, “Blocking Property of Transnational Criminal Organizations.” In the order, the president found that “the activities of significant transnational criminal organizations [TCOs] … have reached such a scope and gravity that they threaten the stability of international political and economic systems.” Those organizations, defined in the order as persons or groups that engage in “an ongoing pattern of serious criminal activity involving the jurisdictions of at least two foreign states … that threatens the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States,” are determined to “constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy and economy of the United States,” making them subject to sanctions under the International Economic Emergency ...
- Corruption
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- Art and Antiquities: Fraud
- Art and Antiquities: Plunder
- Biopiracy
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- Child Exploitation
- Cigarette Smuggling
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- Computer-Generated Scams
- Copyright Infringement
- Counterfeit Currency
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- Diamonds and Jewelry
- Draft Dodging
- Drug Trade: Legislative Debates
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- Financial Fraud
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- Money Laundering: History
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- Nigerian Money Scams
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- Piracy: Failed States
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- Pollution: Air and Water
- Pollution: Corporate
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- Pornography
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- Pyramid Schemes
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- Weapons Smuggling
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- Definitions, Changing Concepts, and Impact of Transnational Crime
- Alien Conspiracies and Protection Systems
- Communication Technologies
- Disorganized Crime: Reuter's Thesis
- Impact of Transnational Crime
- Legal and Illegal Economies
- Mafia Myths and Mythologies
- Measuring Transnational Crime
- Offenders or Offenses
- Organized Crime: Defined
- Profit-Driven Crime: Naylor's Typology
- Risk Assessments
- Technology
- Terrorism: Defined
- Transnational Crime: Defined
- Geography of Transnational Crime
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- Sources of Data and Research on Transnational Crime
- The State as an Instigator of Crime
- Strategies of Law Enforcement and Justice
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- Anticorruption Legislation
- Antiterrorist Financing
- Centralization
- Civil Forfeiture: The Experience of the United States
- Conventions, Agreements, and Regulations
- Corporate Liability
- Criminal Associations
- Criminal Forfeiture and Seizure
- Deportation
- Executive Order 13581
- Extradition
- Harmonization
- Intelligence Agencies: Collaboration Within the United States
- Intelligence Agencies: U.S.
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- Mega-Trials
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- Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
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- Responsibilization
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- Transitional Justice
- UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime
- Underground Banking Regulations
- Structure and Membership of Criminal Operations
- Terrorism
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