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Copyright Infringement
Copyright infringement can be defined as the exercising of any of the exclusive rights of a copyright holder without the express authorization of said holder, or as excused by an exemption or other defense, such as fair use. Substantial similarity to a copyrighted work is sufficient to prove infringement, even if none of the words, musical notes, brushstrokes, or other media-relevant criteria are identical. The holder of a copyright has certain exclusive rights, such as the right to sell or reproduce specific material, violation of which is infringement.
Historical Background
The beginnings of copyright law followed the emergence of printing. The church and sovereign governments attempted to control the production of printers. In 1501, Pope Alexander VI issued a papal bull against the unlicensed printing of books. ...
- Corruption
- Crimes and Criminal Markets
- Accounting Fraud
- Art and Antiquities: Fraud
- Art and Antiquities: Plunder
- Biopiracy
- Black Market Peso Exchange
- Capital Flight
- Charity Fraud
- Child Exploitation
- Cigarette Smuggling
- Cocaine
- Computer-Generated Scams
- Copyright Infringement
- Counterfeit Currency
- Counterfeit Goods
- Diamonds and Jewelry
- Draft Dodging
- Drug Trade: Legislative Debates
- Drug Trade: Source, Destination, and Transit Countries
- Financial Fraud
- Forgery
- Gambling: Illegal
- Gambling: Legal
- Gender-Based Violence
- Heroin
- Human Smuggling
- Human Trafficking
- Identity Theft
- Informal Value Transfer Systems
- International Crimes
- Internet Crime
- Investment Crimes
- Job Offer Scams
- Marijuana or Cannabis
- Money Laundering: History
- Money Laundering: Methods
- Money Laundering: Targeting Criminal Proceeds
- Money Laundering: Vulnerable Commodities and Services
- Nigerian Money Scams
- Organ Trafficking
- Pharmaceuticals
- Piracy: Failed States
- Piracy: History
- Pollution: Air and Water
- Pollution: Corporate
- Pollution: Shipping-Related
- Pornography
- Price-Fixing
- Pyramid Schemes
- Sales Tax
- Sex Slavery
- Tariff Crimes
- Tax Evasion
- Telemarketing Fraud
- Tobacco Smuggling
- Toxic Dumping
- Value-Added Tax Fraud
- Weapons Smuggling
- Wildlife Crime
- Definitions, Changing Concepts, and Impact of Transnational Crime
- Alien Conspiracies and Protection Systems
- Communication Technologies
- Disorganized Crime: Reuter's Thesis
- Impact of Transnational Crime
- Legal and Illegal Economies
- Mafia Myths and Mythologies
- Measuring Transnational Crime
- Offenders or Offenses
- Organized Crime: Defined
- Profit-Driven Crime: Naylor's Typology
- Risk Assessments
- Technology
- Terrorism: Defined
- Transnational Crime: Defined
- Geography of Transnational Crime
- Modes of Operation and Facilitators for Crime
- Policing and Intelligence Organizations
- Crime Commissions
- Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units
- European Union
- Europol
- Financial Action Task Force
- International Association of Chiefs of Police
- International Criminal Court
- International Monetary Fund
- Internationalized Criminal Tribunals
- Interpol
- Policing: Domestic
- Policing: National Security
- United Nations
- War Crimes Tribunals
- World Bank
- World Court
- Sources of Data and Research on Transnational Crime
- The State as an Instigator of Crime
- Strategies of Law Enforcement and Justice
- Adjudicating International Crimes
- Anticorruption Legislation
- Antiterrorist Financing
- Centralization
- Civil Forfeiture: The Experience of the United States
- Conventions, Agreements, and Regulations
- Corporate Liability
- Criminal Associations
- Criminal Forfeiture and Seizure
- Deportation
- Executive Order 13581
- Extradition
- Harmonization
- Intelligence Agencies: Collaboration Within the United States
- Intelligence Agencies: U.S.
- Joint Force Policing and Integrated Models
- Mega-Trials
- Military Forces: Private or Contracted
- Money Laundering: Countermeasures
- Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties
- Police Cooperation
- Policing: High Versus Low
- Policing: Privately Contracted
- Policing: Transnational
- Prosecution: International
- Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
- Recovery of Stolen Assets
- Responsibilization
- Sanctions and Blacklisting
- Stings and Reverse Stings
- Transitional Justice
- UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime
- Underground Banking Regulations
- Structure and Membership of Criminal Operations
- Terrorism
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