Violence: Intimidation

Transnational intimidation by violence comprises threats of or actual violence that involves citizens or governments from various nation-states or the transfer of goods or people internationally. Although legal transnational interactions and migration certainly may involve violence, transnational crime particularly fosters violent abuses. Consequently, this entry will discuss organized crime and gangs, terrorism, [Page 443]human trafficking, hate crime, and violence based on gender or sexual identity. Technological developments have additionally facilitated transnational criminal communication, harassment, threats, and detection, so these will also be covered.