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Spencer, Herbert
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903), British philosopher, sociologist, social theorist, and anthropologist, was one of the most prominent and influential propagators of evolutionary theory in the 19th century.
Biography and Major Works
Herbert Spencer was born in Derby, the eldest and only surviving son ...
- American Anthropologists and Anthropology
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- American Anthropological Association
- American Museum of Natural History
- Applied Anthropology
- Benedict, Ruth F.
- Binford, Lewis R.
- Bloomfield, Leonard
- Boas, Franz
- Bohannan, Paul
- Burke, Kenneth
- Butler, Judith
- Carneiro, Robert L.
- Chicago World's Columbian Exposition (1893)
- Chodorow, Nancy
- Chomsky, Noam
- Clifford, James
- Columbia University
- Culture Area Approach
- Du Bois, W. E. B.
- DuBois, Cora
- Dundes, Alan
- Fischer, Michael
- Foster, George M.
- Fried, Morton
- Geertz, Clifford
- Goffman, Erving
- Goldenweiser, Alexander A.
- Goodenough, Ward H.
- Greenberg, Joseph
- Gumperz, John J.
- Hall, Edward T.
- Hallowell, A. Irving
- Harris, Marvin
- Herskovitz, Melville
- Hurston, Zora Neale
- Hymes, Dell
- Jameson, Fredric
- Kardiner, Abram
- Kluckhohn, Clyde
- Kroeber, Alfred L.
- Labov, William
- Lamphere, Louise
- Leacock, Eleanor
- LeVine, Robert
- Lewis, Oscar
- Linton, Ralph
- Lounsbury, Floyd
- Lowie, Robert
- Marcus, George
- Mead, George Herbert
- Mead, Margaret
- Mintz, Sidney
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Murdock, George Peter
- Nader, Laura
- Nash, June
- Ortner, Sherry
- Parsons, Elsie C.
- Parsons, Talcott
- Pike, Kenneth
- Rabinow, Paul
- Radin, Paul
- Rappaport, Roy
- Redfield, Robert
- Rockefeller Foundation
- Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist
- Rosaldo, Renato
- Sahlins, Marshall
- Sanday, Peggy Reeves
- Sapir, Edward
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy
- Schneider, David M.
- Service, Elman R.
- Smithsonian Institution
- Spiro, Melford
- Steward, Julian
- Swadesh, Morris
- Tax, Sol
- Tedlock, Barbara and Dennis
- Tyler, Stephen A.
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of Michigan
- Vayda, Andrew P.
- Veblen, Thorstein B.
- Wagley, Charles
- Wallace, Anthony F. C.
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- White, Leslie
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
- Wilson, Edward O.
- Wolf, Eric
- Biological and/or Social Evolutionary Perspective
- Bastian, Adolf
- Carneiro, Robert L.
- Comparative Method
- Condorcet, Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat
- Cultural Transmission
- Darwin, Charles
- Dawkins, Richard
- Ethology, Human
- Evolutionary Anthropology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Freud, Sigmund
- Fried, Morton
- Gene-Culture Coevolution
- Human Behavioral Ecology
- Human Universals
- Lubbock, John
- Müller, Max
- Maine, Henry James
- Malthus, Thomas R.
- McLennan, John
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Murdock, George Peter
- Pitt Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox
- Service, Elman R.
- Smith, Grafton Elliot
- Spencer, Herbert
- Sperber, Dan
- Spiro, Melford
- Steward, Julian
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Wallace, Alfred R.
- Westermarck, Edward
- White, Leslie
- Wilson, Edward O.
- Wittfogel, Karl
- British and Commonwealth
- Bailey, Frederick G.
- Bateson, Gregory
- Cambridge University
- Darwin, Charles
- Dawkins, Richard
- Douglas, Mary
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
- Ferguson, Adam
- Firth, Raymond
- Fortes, Meyer
- Fortune, Reo
- Frazer, James G.
- Gluckman, Max
- Goody, Jack
- Great Exhibition of 1851 (Crystal Palace)
- Haddon, Alfred C.
- Harvey, David
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Hocart, Arthur M.
- Kuper, Hilda B.
- Leach, Edmund
- Lienhardt, Godfrey
- London School of Economics
- Lubbock, John
- Maine, Henry James
- Mair, Lucy
- Malinowski, Bronisław
- Malthus, Thomas R.
- Manchester School
- McLennan, John
- Needham, Rodney
- Oxford University
- Pitt Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox
- Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
- Rhodes-Livingstone Institute
- Richards, Audrey
- Rivers, W. H. R.
- Royal Anthropological Institute
- Schapera, Isaac
- Seligman, Charles Gabriel
- Smith, Adam
- Smith, Grafton Elliot
- Smith, Neil
- Smith, William Robertson
- Spencer, Herbert
- Spencer, Walter Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen
- Strathern, Marilyn
- Turner, Victor W.
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Wallace, Alfred R.
- Wilson, Monica
- Concepts, Locations, Events, and Organizations
- Alliance-Descent Debate
- American Anthropological Association
- American Museum of Natural History
- Animism, Animatism
- Applied Anthropology
- Area Studies
- Autoethnography
- Biography/Life Writing
- Cambridge University
- Chicago World's Columbian Exposition (1893)
- Childhood
- Columbia University
- Communitas
- Comparative Method
- Cultural Relativism
- Cultural Transmission
- Deconstruction
- Descriptive Linguistics
- Ethnomethodology
- Ethography of Speaking
- Formalism/Substantivism
- Gender and Anthropology
- Gender Diversity
- Generative Grammar
- Gift Exchange
- Great Exhibition of 1851 (Crystal Palace)
- Habitus
- Human Relations Area Files, Cross Cultural Studies
- Humanistic Anthropology
- Institut d'Ethnologie (Paris)
- L'Année Sociologique
- London School of Economics
- Manchester School
- Mobility
- Modernism
- Musée de l'Homme
- Myth, Theories of
- Nationalism, Transnationalism
- Native Anthropology, Native Anthropologist
- Oxford University
- Prague School of Linguistics
- Public Sphere
- Race
- Religion
- Rhodes-Livingstone Institute
- Rites de Passage
- Rockefeller Foundation
- Royal Anthropological Institute
- Sacrifice
- Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and Neo-Whorfianism
- Scapes
- Smithsonian Institution
- Social Studies of Science
- Soviet Anthropology
- Subjectivity
- Sustainability
- Thick Description
- Torres Straits Expedition
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of Michigan
- Urban Studies
- Utilitarianism
- Visual Anthropology
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Economic and Ecological Perspective
- Binford, Lewis R.
- Bloch, Maurice
- Bohannan, Paul
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Carneiro, Robert L.
- Condorcet, Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat
- Cultural Ecology
- Cultural Materialism
- Dependency Theory
- Economic Anthropology
- Fanon, Frantz
- Ferguson, Adam
- Formalism/Substantivism
- Fried, Morton
- Game Theory
- Gift Exchange
- Globalization Theory
- Godelier, Maurice
- Gramsci, Antonio
- Harris, Marvin
- Herskovits, Melville
- Human Behavioral Ecology
- Leacock, Eleanor
- Mair, Lucy
- Malinowski, Bronisław
- Malthus, Thomas R.
- Marx, Karl
- Marxist Anthropology
- Material Production, Theories of
- Mauss, Marcel
- Meillassoux, Claude
- Mintz, Sidney
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Nash, June
- Polanyi, Karl
- Political Economy
- Rappaport, Roy
- Rational Choice Theory
- Richards, Audrey
- Sahlins, Marshall
- Sanday, Peggy Reeves
- Scheper Hughes, Nancy
- Service, Elman R.
- Smith, Adam
- Smith, Neil
- Steward, Julian
- Structural Marxism
- Sustainability
- Systems Theory
- Tax, Sol
- Vayda, Andrew P.
- Veblen, Thorstein B.
- Wagley, Charles
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Weber, Max
- White, Leslie
- Wittfogel, Karl
- Wolf, Eric
- World-Systems Theory
- Ethnography
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Asad, Talal
- Bailey, Frederick G.
- Barth, Fredrik
- Bateson, Gregory
- Benedict, Ruth F.
- Boas, Franz
- Bohannan, Paul
- Douglas, Mary
- DuBois, Cora
- Dumont, Louis
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
- Face-to-Face Interaction
- Firth, Raymond
- Fortes, Meyer
- Fortune, Reo
- Foster, George M.
- Frobenius, Leo
- Geertz, Clifford
- Gluckman, Max
- Godelier, Maurice
- Goldenweiser, Alexander A.
- Goody, Jack
- Griaule, Marcel
- Haddon, Alfred C.
- Hallowell, A. Irving
- Herskovits, Melville
- Hocart, Arthur M.
- Hurston, Zora Neale
- Kluckhohn, Clyde
- Kroeber, Alfred L.
- Kuper, Hilda B.
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Lafitau, Joseph-François
- Leach, Edmund
- Lewis, Oscar
- Lienhardt, Godfrey
- Lowie, Robert
- Mair, Lucy
- Malinowski, Bronisław
- Mead, Margaret
- Murdock, George Peter
- Parsons, Elsie C.
- Radin, Paul
- Redfield, Robert
- Richards, Audrey
- Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist
- Rosaldo, Renato
- Sanday, Peggy Reeves
- Schapera, Isaac
- Scheper Hughes, Nancy
- Seligman, Charles Gabriel
- Spencer, Walter Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen
- Spiro, Melford
- Srinivas, M. N.
- French
- Alliance-Descent Debate
- Althusser, Louis
- Barthes, Roland
- Bataille, Georges
- Baudrillard, Jean
- Bloch, Maurice
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Comte, Auguste
- Condorcet, Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari
- Derrida, Jacques
- Dumont, Louis
- Durkheim, Émile
- Foucault, Michel
- Geffray, Christian
- Gennep, Arnold van
- Girard, René
- Godelier, Maurice
- Griaule, Marcel
- Hertz, Robert
- Institut d'Ethnologie (Paris)
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien
- Lacan, Jacques
- Lafitau, Joseph-François
- L'Année Sociologique
- Latour, Bruno
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Mauss, Marcel
- Meillassoux, Claude
- Montesquieu, Comte de
- Musée de l'Homme
- Rivet, Paul
- Rouch, Jean
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Sperber, Dan
- Voltaire
- Gender
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Alliance-Descent Debate
- Butler, Judith
- Childhood
- Chodorow, Nancy
- Cultural Transmission
- Feminist Anthropology
- Gender and Anthropology
- Godelier, Maurice
- Hurston, Zora Neale
- Lacan, Jacques
- Lamphere, Louise
- Leacock, Eleanor
- Material Production, Theories of
- Mauss, Marcel
- Mead, Margaret
- Nash, June
- Ortner, Sherry
- Parsons, Elsie C.
- Queer Theory
- Race
- Religion
- Richards, Audrey
- Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist
- Sanday, Peggy Reeves
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy
- Strathern, Marilyn
- Subaltern Studies
- Veblen, Thorstein B.
- Wolf, Eric
- German
- Globalization
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Anderson, Benedict
- Appadurai, Arjun
- Applied Anthropology
- Area Studies
- Asad, Talal
- Barth, Fredrik
- Critical Theory
- Dependency Theory
- Economic Anthropology
- Fanon, Frantz
- Globalization Theory
- Harvey, David
- Jameson, Fredric
- Lamphere, Louise
- Marx, Karl
- Marxist Anthropology
- Mintz, Sidney
- Mobility
- Nash, June
- Nationalism; Transnationalism
- Polanyi, Karl
- Political Economy
- Postcolonial theory
- Race
- Sahlins, Marshall
- Said, Edward
- Scapes
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy
- Smith, Neil
- Subaltern Studies
- Tambiah, Stanley
- Urban Studies
- Wagley, Charles
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Wolf, Eric
- World-Systems Theory
- Linguistics
- Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
- Barthes, Roland
- Bloomfield, Leonard
- Chomsky, Noam
- Comparative Linguistics
- Descriptive Linguistics
- Ethnography of Speaking
- Face-to-Face Interaction
- Generative Grammar
- Goodenough, Ward H.
- Greenberg, Joseph
- Gumperz, John J.
- Hymes, Dell
- Jakobson, Roman O.
- Labov, William
- Lounsbury, Floyd
- Müller, Max
- Pike, Kenneth
- Prague School of Linguistics
- Rivet, Paul
- Sapir, Edward
- Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and Neo-Whorfianism
- Saussure, Ferdinand de
- Semiotics
- Sociolinguistics
- Swadesh, Morris
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
- Literary and Interpretive Perspective
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Bailey, Frederick G.
- Bataille, Georges
- Benjamin, Walter
- Boas, Franz
- Burke, Kenneth
- Clifford, James
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari
- Derrida, Jacques
- Douglas, Mary
- Du Bois, W. E. B.
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
- Fortes, Meyer
- Foster, George M.
- Foucault, Michel
- Frankfurt School
- Frazer, James G.
- Frobenius, Leo
- Geertz, Clifford
- Geffray, Christian
- Gennep, Arnold van
- Gluckman, Max
- Goldenweiser, Alexander A.
- Goody, Jack
- Graebner, Fritz
- Griaule, Marcel
- Hallowell, A. Irving
- Humanistic Anthropology
- Hurston, Zora Neale
- Hymes, Dell
- Jameson, Fredric
- Kluckhohn, Clyde
- Kroeber, Alfred L.
- Kuper, Hilda B.
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Leach, Edmund
- Lewis, Oscar
- Lienhardt, Godfrey
- Lounsbury, Floyd
- Lowie, Robert
- Müller, Max
- Nader, Laura
- Needham, Rodney
- Neo-Boasianism
- Ortner, Sherry
- Phenomenology
- Postmodernism
- Practice Theory
- Rabinow, Paul
- Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
- Radin, Paul
- Redfield, Robert
- Rouch, Jean
- Sahlins, Marshall
- Said, Edward
- Sapir, Edward
- Schneider, David M.
- Semiotics
- Smith, William Robertson
- Srinivas, M. N.
- Strathern, Marilyn
- Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Tambiah, Stanley
- Tedlock, Barbara and Dennis
- Thick Description
- Turner, Victor W.
- Voltaire
- Wallace, Anthony F. C.
- Wilson, Monica
- Marxist and Neo-Marxist Perspective
- Althusser, Louis
- Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
- Baudrillard, Jean
- Benjamin, Walter
- Bloch, Maurice
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Critical Theory
- Dependency Theory
- Fanon, Frantz
- Frankfurt School
- Godelier, Maurice
- Gramsci, Antonio
- Harvey, David
- Jameson, Fredric
- Lacan, Jacques
- Latour, Bruno
- Leacock, Eleanor
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Marx, Karl
- Marxist Anthropology
- Material Production, Theories of
- Meillassoux, Claude
- Mintz, Sidney
- Smith, Neil
- Structural Marxism
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- White, Leslie
- Wittfogel, Karl
- Wolf, Eric
- Nineteenth Century and Earlier
- Animism, Animatism
- Aristotle
- Bachofen, Johann J.
- Bastian, Adolf
- Comparative Method
- Comte, Auguste
- Condorcet, Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat
- Darwin, Charles
- Ferguson, Adam
- Frazer, James G.
- Great Exhibition of 1851 (Crystal Palace)
- Haddon, Alfred C.
- Hegel, Georg W. F.
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Lafitau, Joseph-François
- Lubbock, John
- Müller, Max
- Maine, Henry James
- Malthus, Thomas R.
- Marx, Karl
- McLennan, John
- Montesquieu, Comte de
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Nineteenth-Century Evolutionary Anthropology
- Pitt Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox
- Plato
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Smith, Adam
- Smith, William Robertson
- Spencer, Herbert
- Torres Straits Expedition
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Voltaire
- Wallace, Alfred R.
- Wundt, Wilhelm
- Other National Traditions
- Anderson, Benedict
- Appadurai, Arjun
- Asad, Talal
- Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
- Barth, Fredrik
- Fanon, Frantz
- Freud, Sigmund
- Gramsci, Antonio
- Jakobson, Roman O.
- Polanyi, Karl
- Popper, Karl
- Prague School of Linguistics
- Róheim, Géza
- Said, Edward
- Saussure, Ferdinand de
- Soviet Anthropology
- Srinivas, M. N.
- Tambiah, Stanley
- Westermarck, Edward
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Philosophers and Philosophies
- Aristotle
- Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
- Barthes, Roland
- Bataille, Georges
- Baudrillard, Jean
- Burke, Kenneth
- Comte, Auguste
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari
- Derrida, Jacques
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg
- Habermas, Jürgen
- Hegel, Georg W. F.
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Husserl, Edmund
- Latour, Bruno
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Marx, Karl
- Mead, George Herbert
- Montesquieu, Comte de
- Plato
- Popper, Karl
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Simmel, Georg
- Smith, Adam
- Spencer, Herbert
- Utilitarianism
- Veblen, Thorstein B.
- Voltaire
- Weber, Max
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Postmodern Perspective
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Anderson, Benedict
- Asad, Talal
- Autoethnography
- Barth, Fredrik
- Barthes, Roland
- Baudrillard, Jean
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Burke, Kenneth
- Clifford, James
- Critical Theory
- Deconstruction
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari
- Derrida, Jacques
- Discourse Theory
- Fischer, Michael
- Foucault, Michel
- Geertz, Clifford
- Girard, René
- Jameson, Fredric
- Lacan, Jacques
- Latour, Bruno
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Marcus, George
- Postmodernism
- Poststructuralism
- Practice Theory
- Rabinow, Paul
- Rosaldo, Renato
- Said, Edward
- Scapes
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy
- Strathern, Marilyn
- Tedlock, Barbara and Dennis
- Tyler, Stephen A.
- Psychological and Sociological Perspective
- Bateson, Gregory
- Benedict, Ruth
- Chodorow, Nancy
- DuBois, Cora
- Dumont, Louis
- Dundes, Alan
- Durkheim, Émile
- Fanon, Frantz
- Fortune, Reo
- Freud, Sigmund
- Girard, René
- Goffman, Erving
- Hall, Edward T.
- Hertz, Robert
- Kardiner, Abram
- Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien
- Lacan, Jacques
- L'Année Sociologique
- LeVine, Robert
- Linton, Ralph
- Malinowski, Bronisław
- Mauss, Marcel
- Mead, Margaret
- Parsons, Talcott
- Róheim, Géza
- Rivers, W. H. R.
- Weber, Max
- Westermarck, Edward
- Wundt, Wilhelm
- Theoretical Approaches
- Alliance-Descent Debate
- Cognitive Anthropology
- Comparative Linguistics
- Critical Theory
- Cultural Ecology
- Cultural Materialism
- Culture and Personality
- Culture Area Approach
- Dependency Theory
- Diffusionism, Hyperdiffusionism, Kulturkreise
- Discourse Theory
- Economic Anthropology
- Ethnohistory
- Ethnoscience; New Ethnography
- Ethology, Human
- Evolutionary Anthropology
- Evolutionary Psychology
- Face-to-Face Interaction
- Feminist Anthropology
- Game Theory
- Gene-Culture Coevolution
- Globalization Theory
- Hermeneutics
- Historical Particularism
- Human Behavioral Ecology
- Human Universals
- Marxist Anthropology
- Material Production, Theories of
- Neo-Boasianism
- Neo-Kantianism
- Network Theory/Social Network Analysis
- Nineteenth-Century Evolutionary Anthropology
- Phenomenology
- Political Economy
- Postcolonial Theory
- Postmodernism
- Poststructuralism
- Practice Theory
- Psychological Anthropology
- Queer Theory
- Rational Choice Theory
- Semiotics
- Social Constructionism
- Sociolinguistics
- Structural Functionalism
- Structural Marxism
- Structuralism
- Subaltern Studies
- Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Systems Theory
- World-Systems Theory
- Theorists
- Abu-Lughod, Lila
- Althusser, Louis
- Anderson, Benedict
- Appadurai, Arjun
- Asad, Talal
- Bachofen, Johann J.
- Bailey, Frederick G.
- Bakhtin, Mikhail M.
- Barth, Fredrik
- Barthes, Roland
- Bastian, Adolf
- Bataille, Georges
- Bateson, Gregory
- Baudrillard, Jean
- Benedict, Ruth F.
- Benjamin, Walter
- Binford, Lewis R.
- Bloch, Maurice
- Bloomfield, Leonard
- Boas, Franz
- Bohannan, Paul
- Bourdieu, Pierre
- Burke, Kenneth
- Butler, Judith
- Carneiro, Robert L.
- Chodorow, Nancy
- Chomsky, Noam
- Clifford, James
- Comte, Auguste
- Condorcet, Jean-Antoine Nicolas de Caritat
- Darwin, Charles
- Dawkins, Richard
- Deleuze, Gilles, and Félix Guattari
- Derrida, Jacques
- Douglas, Mary
- Du Bois, W. E. B.
- DuBois, Cora
- Dumont, Louis
- Dundes, Alan
- Durkheim, Émile
- Evans-Pritchard, E. E.
- Fanon, Frantz
- Ferguson, Adam
- Firth, Raymond
- Fischer, Michael
- Fortes, Meyer
- Fortune, Reo
- Foster, George M.
- Foucault, Michel
- Frazer, James G.
- Freud, Sigmund
- Fried, Morton
- Gadamer, Hans-Georg
- Geertz, Clifford
- Geffray, Christian
- Gennep, Arnold van
- Girard, René
- Gluckman, Max
- Godelier, Maurice
- Goffman, Erving
- Goldenweiser, Alexander A.
- Goodenough, Ward H.
- Goody, Jack
- Graebner, Fritz
- Gramsci, Antonio
- Greenberg, Joseph
- Griaule, Marcel
- Gumperz, John J.
- Habermas, Jürgen
- Haddon, Alfred C.
- Hall, Edward T.
- Hallowell, A. Irving
- Harris, Marvin
- Harvey, David
- Hegel, Georg W. F.
- Herskovits, Melville
- Hertz, Robert
- Hobbes, Thomas
- Hocart, Arthur M.
- Hurston, Zora Neale
- Husserl, Edmund
- Hymes, Dell
- Jakobson, Roman O.
- Jameson, Fredric
- Kardiner, Abram
- Kluckhohn, Clyde
- Kroeber, Alfred L.
- Kuper, Hilda B.
- Lévi-Strauss, Claude
- Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien
- Labov, William
- Lacan, Jacques
- Lafitau, Joseph-François
- Lamphere, Louise
- Latour, Bruno
- Leach, Edmund
- Leacock, Eleanor
- LeVine, Robert
- Lewis, Oscar
- Lienhardt, Godfrey
- Linton, Ralph
- Lounsbury, Floyd
- Lowie, Robert
- Lubbock, John
- Lyotard, Jean-François
- Müller, Max
- Maine, Henry James
- Mair, Lucy
- Malinowski, Bronisław
- Malthus, Thomas R.
- Marcus, George
- Marx, Karl
- Mauss, Marcel
- McLennan, John
- Mead, George Herbert
- Mead, Margaret
- Meillassoux, Claude
- Mintz, Sidney
- Montesquieu, Comte de
- Morgan, Lewis Henry
- Murdock, George Peter
- Nader, Laura
- Nash, June
- Needham, Rodney
- Ortner, Sherry
- Parsons, Elsie C.
- Parsons, Talcott
- Pike, Kenneth
- Pitt Rivers, Augustus Henry Lane Fox
- Plato
- Polanyi, Karl
- Popper, Karl
- Róheim, Géza
- Rabinow, Paul
- Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.
- Radin, Paul
- Rappaport, Roy
- Redfield, Robert
- Richards, Audrey
- Rivers, W. H. R.
- Rivet, Paul
- Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist
- Rosaldo, Renato
- Rouch, Jean
- Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
- Sahlins, Marshall
- Said, Edward
- Sanday, Peggy Reeves
- Sapir, Edward
- Saussure, Ferdinand de
- Schapera, Isaac
- Scheper-Hughes, Nancy
- Schneider, David M.
- Seligman, Charles Gabriel
- Service, Elman R.
- Simmel, Georg
- Smith, Adam
- Smith, Grafton Elliot
- Smith, Neil
- Smith, William Robertson
- Spencer, Herbert
- Spencer, Walter Baldwin, and Francis James Gillen
- Sperber, Dan
- Spiro, Melford
- Srinivas, M. N.
- Steward, Julian
- Strathern, Marilyn
- Swadesh, Morris
- Tambiah, Stanley
- Tax, Sol
- Tedlock, Barbara and Dennis
- Turner, Victor W.
- Tyler, Stephen A.
- Tylor, Edward Burnett
- Vayda, Andrew P.
- Veblen, Thorstein B.
- Voltaire
- Wagley, Charles
- Wallace, Alfred R.
- Wallace, Anthony F. C.
- Wallerstein, Immanuel
- Weber, Max
- Westermarck, Edward
- White, Leslie
- Whorf, Benjamin Lee
- Wilson, Edward O.
- Wilson, Monica
- Wittfogel, Karl
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig
- Wolf, Eric
- Wundt, Wilhelm
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