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Cerebral Electric Stimulation
Cerebral electric stimulation (CES) consists of noninvasive techniques in which varying levels of electricity are passed across the scalp of an individual using at least one electrode to treat a variety of health-related issues. The tremendous technological advances of the past 100 years have greatly influenced the ways mental health practitioners use electric stimulation. Styles and use of CES differ based on electric dosage as well as electrode placement. While CES is most commonly used for chronic pain, anxiety, and depression, increased research is examining the practicality of this practice in the treatment of other mental and physical health issues.
Historical Context
The use of electricity as a form of medical treatment has a long history in medical literature. Early Greek literature includes discussions of “electric fish” ...
- Behavior Therapies
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Behavior Modification
- Behavior Therapies: Overview
- Behavior Therapy
- Behavioral Activation
- Classical Conditioning
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy
- Exposure and Response Prevention
- Exposure Therapy
- Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
- Multimodal Therapy
- Operant Conditioning
- Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
- Prolonged Exposure Therapy
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Systematic Desensitization
- Body-Oriented Therapies
- Feldenkrais Method
- Alexander Technique
- Biodynamic Psychology
- Bioenergetic Analysis
- Body-Mind Centering®
- Body-Oriented Therapies: Overview
- Characteranalytical Vegetotherapy
- Concentrative Movement Therapy
- Core Energetics
- Hakomi Therapy
- Holotropic Breathwork
- Integrative Body Psychotherapy
- Orgonomy
- Ortho-Bionomy
- Postural Integration
- Primal Integration
- Primal Therapy
- Pulsing
- Radix
- Rolfing
- Rubenfeld Synergy
- Sensorimotor Psychotherapy
- Somatic Experiencing
- Yoga Movement Therapy
- Cautious, Dangerous, and/or Illegal Practices
- Classical Psychoanalytic Approaches
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies
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- Adlerian Therapy
- Cognitive Analytic Therapy
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies: Overview
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
- Critical Incident Stress Management
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy
- Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
- Guided Imagery Therapy
- Impact Therapy
- Method of Levels
- Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
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- Motivational Interviewing
- Multimodal Therapy
- Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
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- Acupuncture and Acupressure
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- Alexander Technique
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- BodyTalk
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- Complementary and Alternative Approaches: Overview
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- Metaphors of Movement Therapy
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- Existential Therapy
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- Logotherapy and Existential Analysis
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
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- Foundational Therapies
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- Group Counseling and Psychotherapy Theories
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- Psychodrama
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- Self-Help Groups
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- Integrative Approaches
- Accelerated Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy
- Assimilative Psychotherapy Integration
- Biopsychosocial Model
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- Common Factors in Therapy
- Contextual Therapy
- Cyclical Psychodynamics
- Developmental Constructivism
- Developmental Counseling and Therapy: Theory and Brain-Based Practice
- Eclecticism
- Emotion-Focused Therapy
- Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy
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- Unified Theory
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- Unifying Nonlinear Dynamical Biopsychosocial Systems Approach
- Neurological and Psychophysiological Therapies
- Autogenic Training
- Biofeedback
- Brain Change Therapy
- Cerebral Electric Stimulation
- Cognitive Enhancement Therapy
- Developmental Counseling and Therapy: Theory and Brain-Based Practice
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy
- Eye Movement Integration Therapy
- Heart Rate Variability
- Hypnotherapy
- Integral Eye Movement Therapy
- Neurofeedback
- Neuro-Linguistic Programming
- Neurological and Psychophysiological Therapies: Overview
- Neuroprocessing
- Neuropsychoanalysis
- Other Therapies
- Brief Therapy
- Chaos Theory
- Common Factors in Therapy
- Cross-Cultural Counseling Theory
- Ecological Counseling
- Evidence-Based Psychotherapy
- Feedback-Informed Treatment
- Metaphors of Movement Therapy
- Other Therapies: Overview
- Pastoral Counseling
- Provocative Therapy
- Re-Evaluation Counseling
- Relational-Cultural Theory
- Self-Relations Psychotherapy
- Sexual Identity Therapy
- Sexual Minority Affirmative Therapy
- Status Dynamic Psychotherapy
- Supportive Psychotherapy
- Theorists
- Ackerman, Nathan
- Adler, Alfred
- Bandura, Albert
- Beck, Aaron T.
- Boszormenyi-Nagy, Ivan
- Bowen, Murray
- de Shazer, Steve, and Insoo Kim Berg
- Ellis, Albert
- Erickson, Milton H.
- Frankl, Viktor
- Freud, Sigmund
- Glasser, William
- Haley, Jay
- Horney, Karen
- Jung, Carl Gustav
- Kelly, George
- Kernberg, Otto
- Klein, Melanie
- Lazarus, Arnold
- Linehan, Marsha
- Madanes, Cloe
- Mahler, Margaret
- Mahoney, Michael J.
- Maslow, Abraham
- May, Rollo
- Meichenbaum, Donald
- Miller, Jean Baker
- Miller, William R.
- Minuchin, Salvador
- O’Hanlon, Bill
- Palo Alto Group
- Pavlov, Ivan
- Perls, Fritz
- Reich, Wilhelm
- Rogers, Carl
- Satir, Virginia
- Seligman, Martin
- Shapiro, Francine
- Skinner, B. F.
- Sullivan, Harry Stack
- Whitaker, Carl
- White, Michael
- Winnicott, Donald
- Yalom, Irvin
- Zimbardo, Philip George
- Transpersonal Psychology
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