The European Convention on Human Rights (originally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is a regional, supranational human rights treaty, drafted and administered by the Council of Europe, an independent international organization based in Strasbourg, France. The convention has played an important role in outlining the limits of governmental authority to conduct domestic (and international) surveillance as well as privacy protections. This entry reviews the provisions of the convention and discusses its application with regard to surveillance, security, and privacy.