Since a declaration in 2002 by the government of Saudi Arabia to make biotechnology the country’s new oil, the country’s researchers and scientists working at both private biotech companies and medical institutions have actively pursued technologies, therapies, and regenerative medicine treatments in the field of stem cell research. While Saudi Arabia’s efforts in the field of biotechnology and stem cell research are still fairly young, the country’s current efforts to establish a program and a research infrastructure promise to position Saudi Arabia at the forefront of the Middle East as a valued contributor to international stem cell research.