While early efforts in the field of stem cell research began in the mid-20th century, it was not until the last years of the 20th century that scientists began making significant progress in using stem cells to create therapies for a wide range of diseases and severe injuries. In 1998, the first report that traced the origin of human embryonic stem cells was published. Independent researchers reported that embryos that have not been implanted within a uterus can generate pluripotent cells capable of developing into other organs and tissues. In the early 21st century, despite the belief that discoveries from stem cell researchers were demonstrating significant potential for saving lives, the battle over abortion led President George W. Bush to significantly restrict funding for stem ...