Advances in prenatal screening have increased diagnosis of several congenital structural anomalies and genetic diseases. In utero fetal therapies used to treat congenital anomalies comprise open surgery and fetoscopic interventions. Fetal therapies have considerably advanced and are now being used to treat anticipated postnatal diseases through prenatal stem cell or gene therapy, which holds immense promise for the treatment of a large number of congenital, hematological, metabolic, and immunological disorders.

In Utero Fetal Surgery

Congenital defects detected prenatally can be treated with open fetal surgeries (opening the uterus and operating on the fetus). Myelomeningocele, spina bifida, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, heart disease, and pulmonary sequestration are a few diseases treated by open surgery. Open surgeries are performed usually between 18 and 30 weeks of gestation ...

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