Gonads are the organs of the human male responsible for producing the male gamete: spermatozoon, which are produced in the seminiferous tubules by the spermatogonial stem cells. The gonads are known as the testes and are ovoid structures located in the scrotum, which is a sac lying behind the penis. They also produce the major male hormone testosterone, which is responsible for the physical and sexual development of the male. Due to their delicate nature and position, they are significantly susceptible to disease. The most common pathologies that affect the testes include cancer, torsion, epididymitis, varicocele, and hydrocele. With the help of stem cells, rapid developments are being made to treat the detrimental aftermath of testicular disorders, especially pertaining to infertility.