Each year, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) contribute to a substantial number of deaths and cases of permanent incapacity in children and adults from ages 1 to 44. Also known as intracranial injury, TBI occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain, causing focal impact upon the head by a sudden acceleration/deceleration within the cranium or by a complex combination of both movement and sudden impact. It usually occurs as a bump, blow, or jolt to the [Page 279]head or as a penetrating head injury that disrupts the normal function of the brain. These injuries are mostly sustained in motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, construction accidents, active-duty military action in war zones, or by simple falls on the playground, at work places, or in homes. ...