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Chimera Formation, Ethics of
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- Reader's Guide
- Entries A-Z
- Subject Index
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A chimera, in the current scientific world, is an organism composed of cells or genes obtained from two or more different species. Human-animal chimeras can be created by transplanting human stem cells into animal fetuses or human genes into the genome of animal fetuses. Thus, a human-mouse chimera may contain a human liver in a mouse or may have a liver constituted of both human and mouse cells. These kinds of experiments are relatively recent—the first interspecies chimeras were engineered in 1989 by I. J. Davis, a researcher at the University of California. His work produced the geep, a new intraspecies chimera obtained by fusing a sheep embryo with a goat embryo. Most of the ethical and scientific discussion to this point has used the ...
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- Adipose: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Adipose: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Adipose: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Adipose: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Adipose: Major Pathologies
- Adipose: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Adipose: Tissue Function
- Adult Stem Cells: Overview
- Bladder: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Bladder: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Bladder: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Bladder: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Bladder: Major Pathologies
- Bladder: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Blood Adult Stem Cell: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Blood Adult Stem Cell: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Blood Adult Stem Cell: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Blood Adult Stem Cell: Major Pathologies
- Blood Adult Stem Cell: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Bone: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Bone: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Bone: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Bone: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Bone: Major Pathologies
- Bone: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Breast: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Breast: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Breast: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Breast: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Breast: Major Pathologies
- Breast: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Major Pathologies
- Cartilage, Tendons, and Ligaments: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Dental: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Dental: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Dental: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Dental: Major Pathologies
- Dental: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Eyes: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Eyes: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Eyes: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Eyes: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Eyes: Major Pathologies
- Eyes: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Eyes: Tissue Function
- Gonads, Female: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Gonads, Female: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Gonads, Female: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Gonads, Female: Major Pathologies
- Gonads, Female: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Gonads, Male: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Gonads, Male: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Gonads, Male: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Gonads, Male: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Gonads, Male: Major Pathologies
- Gonads, Male: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Graft Failure: Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Gut: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Gut: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Gut: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Gut: Major Pathologies
- Gut: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Heart: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Heart: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Heart: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Heart: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Heart: Major Pathologies
- Heart: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Heart: Tissue Function
- Kidney: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Kidney: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Kidney: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Kidney: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Kidney: Major Pathologies
- Kidney: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Liver: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Liver: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Liver: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Liver: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Liver: Major Pathologies
- Liver: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Liver: Tissue Function
- Lung: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Lung: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Lung: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Lung: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Lung: Major Pathologies
- Lung: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Lung: Tissue Function
- Mesenchymal: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Mesenchymal: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Mesenchymal: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Mesenchymal: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Mesenchymal: Major Pathologies
- Mesenchymal: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Muscle: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Muscle: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Muscle: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Muscle: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Muscle: Major Pathologies
- Muscle: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Neural: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Neural: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Neural: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Neural: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Neural: Major Pathologies
- Neural: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Pancreas: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Pancreas: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Pancreas: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Pancreas: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Pancreas: Major Pathologies
- Pancreas: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Pancreas: Tissue Function
- Skin: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Skin: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Skin: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Skin: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Skin: Major Pathologies
- Skin: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Skin: Tissue Function
- Sweat Gland: Cell Types Composing the Tissue
- Sweat Gland: Current Research on Isolation or Production of Therapeutic Cells
- Sweat Gland: Development and Regeneration Potential
- Sweat Gland: Existing or Potential Regenerative Medicine Strategies
- Sweat Gland: Major Pathologies
- Sweat Gland: Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adults
- Vascular Stem Cell
- C. elegans Models to Study Stem Cells
- Drosophila Models to Study Stem Cells
- Mouse Models to Study Stem Cells
- Rat Models to Study Stem Cells
- Xenopus Models to Study Stem Cells
- Zebrafish Models to Study Stem Cells
- Brain Cancer
- Breast Cancer
- Cancer Stem Cells: Overview
- Colon Cancer
- Head and Neck Cancer
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Cancer Stem Cells
- Liver Cancer
- Lung Cancer
- Melanoma: Stem Cells
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Skin Cancer
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: AIDS-Related Conditions
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Batten Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Blood Deficiencies
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Crohn’s Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Diabetes
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Eye Conditions
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Graft Failure, Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Heart Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Hematological Cancers
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Immunologic/Histiocytic Disorders
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Kidney Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Multiple Sclerosis
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Parkinson’s Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Skin Transplants
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Solid Tumors
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Spinal Cord Injury
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Stroke
- Clinical Trials, U.S.: Traumatic Brain Injury
- Clinical Trials Outside the United States
- Clinical Trials Outside the United States: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- Clinical Trials Outside the United States: Cerebral Palsy
- Clinical Trials Outside the United States: Spinal Cord Injury
- Clinical Trials Outside the United States: Stroke
- Animal Cloning
- Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning
- Australia
- Belgium
- Brazil
- China
- Denmark
- France
- Germany
- India
- Iran
- Italy
- Japan
- Korea
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Taiwan
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Chimera Formation, Ethics of
- Clinical Trials, Ethics of
- Clinical Trials (Adult Cells), Ethics of
- Cloning, Ethics of
- Egg Donation, Ethics of
- Genome Sequencing, Ethics of
- Germ Cell Modifications (Gene Therapy), Ethics of
- In Vitro Production of Germ Cells, Ethics of
- Moral Status of Embryos
- Unapproved Therapy, Ethics of
- Tissue Engineering (Scaffold)
- Tissue Printing
- Aastrom Biosciences, Inc.
- Advanced Cell Technology
- Athersys
- Beike Biotechnology
- California Stem Cell, Inc.
- Cellerant Therapeutics
- Cryo-Cell International
- Cryo-Save
- Cytori Therapeutics, Inc.
- ES Cell International
- Fate Therapeutics
- Geron Corporation
- International Stem Cell Corporation
- Lentigen Corporation
- NeoStem, Inc.
- Neuralstem, Inc.
- New Biotech: Overview
- Parcell Laboratories
- Pathfinder Cell Therapy
- Stem Cell Companies: Overview
- Stemagen
- Stematix
- TiGenix/Cellerix
- ViaCyte, Inc.
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Autonomous University of Barcelona
- Autonomous University of Madrid
- Baylor University
- Boston Children’s Hospital
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Case Western Reserve University/Cleveland Clinic
- Columbia University
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research
- Duke University
- Genetics Policy Institute
- Harvard University
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Indiana University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Karolinska Institute
- Kyoto University
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Max Planck Society
- Mayo Clinic
- McMaster University
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine
- National Academy of Sciences
- Northwestern University
- Oregon Health & Science University
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
- Pasteur Institute
- Peking University
- Princeton University
- Reeve-Irvine Research Center
- Robarts Research Institute
- Rockefeller University
- Rutgers University
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
- Scripps Research Institute
- Sloan Kettering Institute
- Stanford University
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research
- University of Bonn
- University of British Columbia
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, Davis
- University of California, Los Angeles
- University of California, San Diego
- University of California, San Francisco
- University of Cambridge
- University of Connecticut
- University of Heidelberg
- University of Melbourne
- University of Miami
- University of Michigan
- University of Milan
- University of Minnesota
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of Oxford
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Southern California
- University of Strasbourg
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- University of Tokyo
- University of Toronto
- University of Washington/Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- University of Wisconsin–Madison
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris
- Vanderbilt of University
- Wake Forest University
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research
- Yale University
- Bioreactors
- Xenotransplantation
- Gene Patents
- International Society for Stem Cell Research Guidelines
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Patents
- Bone Marrow Transplants
- Direct Reprogramming of Adult Cells Into Other Cell Types
- Endothelial Cell Isolation
- Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
- Genome Sequencing
- Human ES Cell Isolation
- In Vitro Fertilization
- In Vitro Stem Cell Study Assays
- In Vivo Stem Cell Study Assays
- Lineage Tracing
- Mouse ES Cell Isolation
- MRI Tracking
- Non-Human Primate Embryonic Stem Cells
- Nuclear Transfer, Altered
- Nuclear Transfer, Somatic Cell
- Parthogenesis
- Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
- Profiling Study Methods
- Stem Cell Epigenetic: Chromatin Modification
- Stem Cell Epigenetic: DNA Methylation
- Stem Cell Epigenetic: DNA Replication
- Stem Cell Expression Profiling
- Stem Cell Genetic Modification Study Method
- Stem Cell Markers
- Stem Cell Purification
- Tissue Culture Study Methods
- Viral Vectors: Adeonvirus
- Viral Vectors: Lentivirus
- Amniotic Fluid Cells
- Cord Blood Stem Cells
- Fetal Stem Cells
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- American Association for the Advancement of Science
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- Canada: Stem Cell Network
- Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, The
- Danish Stem Cell Research
- EuroStemCell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- International Society for Stem Cell Research
- International Stem Cell Forum
- Japan Human Cell Society
- Lasker Foundation
- Medical Research Council (UK)
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Science Foundation
- National Stem Cell Bank
- New York Stem Cell Foundation
- Parkinson’s Disease Foundation
- Scotland: Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine
- Stem Cell Genome Anatomy Projects
- Stem Cell Network North Rhine Westphalia
- Swiss Stem Cells Network
- UK National Stem Cell Network
- WiCell
- Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo
- Anversa, Piero
- Charo, Alta
- Frenette, Paul
- Fuchs, Elaine
- Goldman, Steven A.
- Hochedlinger, Konrad
- Langer, Robert
- Losordo, Douglas
- Martino, Gianvito
- McCulloch, Ernest
- Orkin, Stuart
- Pera, Martin
- Rafii, Shahin
- Rao, Mahendra
- Reynolds, Brent A., and Samuel Weiss
- Scadden, David
- Snyder, Evan
- Steindler, Dennis
- Studer, Lorenz
- Thomson, James
- Till, James
- van der Kooy, Derek
- Vescovi, Angelo
- Weissman, Irving
- Yamanaka, Shinya
- Embryonic Stem Cells, Methods to Produce
- iPS, Methods to Produce
- iPS Tissue Sources
- iPSC From Animal Cells
- Pluripotency Network
- Pluripotent Stem Cells, Embryonic
- Pluripotent Stem Cells, Epi
- Pluripotent Stem Cells, Germ
- Pluripotent Stem Cells, Teratoma
- Advocacy
- Congress: Votes and Amendments
- Do No Harm: The Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics
- National Right to Life Committee
- President’s Council on Bioethics
- Special Interest/Lobby Groups
- Stem Cells: Bush Ruling
- Buddhism
- Catholicism
- Christianity
- Judaism
- Muslim
- Alzheimer’s Disease
- Animal Cloning
- Autism
- Cord Blood Banking
- Cosmetic Surgery
- Drug Testing and Drug Development in Cell Culture
- Endothelial Blood Vessels
- ESC and iPSC Banking
- Fertility Treatment Creation of Germ Cells From Adult Cells
- Food From Stem Cells
- Gene Therapy: Hemoglobinopathies
- Graft Failure: Graft-Versus-Host Disease
- Hearing Disease
- Heart Disease
- Hematopoietic Transplantation: Cancer
- Hematopoietic Transplantation: Gene Therapy
- Immune Disorders
- In Utero Treatment
- Kidney Disease
- Lung Disease
- Pancreatic Islet Transplant
- Parkinson’s Disease
- Radiation Injury Treatment
- Retinal Stem Cells
- Schizophrenia
- Skin Graft
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Stem Cell Banking
- Transfusion Product: NK Cells
- Transfusion Product: Platelets
- Transfusion Product: Red Blood Cells
- Wound Repair
- Self-Renewal and Differentiation
- Stem Cell Aging
- Stem Cell Differentiation/Self-Organization
- Stem Cell DNA Repair
- Stem Cell Ground State
- Stem Cell Histocompatibility
- Stem Cell Niche
- Stem Cell Plasticity
- Stem Cell Potency
- Tissue Regeneration: Animals and Plants
- Tissue Regeneration: Humans
- Transit Amplifying Cells
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- Indiana
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