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Experimental Design
Empirical research involves an experiment in which data are collected in two or more conditions that are identical in all aspects but one. A blueprint for such an exercise is an experimental design. Shown in Table 1 is the design of the basic experiment. It has (a) one independent variable (color) with two levels (pink and white); (b) four control variables (age, health, sex, and IQ); (c) a control procedure (i.e., random assignment of subjects); and (d) a dependent variable (affective score).
| Table 1 Basic Structure of an Experiment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Variables | Control Procedure | ||||||
Test Condition | Independent Variable Manipulated, Wall Color | Age | Health | Sex | IQ | Random Assignment of Subjects (Si ) | Dependent Variable, Affective Score |
Experimental | Pink | Middle-aged | Good | Male | Normal | S1, S21, S7,... S15 | To be collected and analyzed |
Control | White | Middle-aged | Good | Male | Normal | S9, S10, S24,... S2 | |
Method of Difference and Experimental Control
Table 1 also illustrates the inductive rule, ...
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