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Reliability and Gender
When developing a tool to measure any physical or psychological trait, the degree to which the tool actually measures what it is supposed to with sufficient consistency is of the utmost concern. From a measurement perspective, the “actually measures what it is supposed to” part of the previous statement refers to a property of instruments called validity, whereas the “with sufficient consistency” part refers to a property called reliability. Both of these properties are equally important from a test development standpoint, and establishing reliability is a prerequisite for assessing validity. This entry discusses reliability within the context of classical test theory (CTT). First, reliability is defined conceptually, followed by a discussion of the importance of ensuring that psychological instruments contain items that are equally reliable ...
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- Juvenile Justice System and Gender
- Legal System and Gender
- Marriage
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- Media and Gender
- Microaggressions
- Military and Gender
- Motherhood
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- Pornography and Gender
- Race and Gender
- Reproductive Rights Movement
- Romantic Relationships in Adulthood
- Sex Culture
- Sex Work
- Sexism
- Sexism, Psychological Consequences for Men
- Sexism, Psychological Consequences for Women
- Sexual Identity
- Sexual Orientation Identity
- Sexuality and Social Media
- Social Role Theory
- Sodomy Laws
- Sororities
- Sports and Gender
- Stalking
- Stereotype Threat and Gender
- Street Harassment
- Subtle Sexism
- Transgender People
- Vicarious Sexism
- Voting and Gender
- Gender Nonconformity and Transgender Issues
- Androgyny
- Bi-Gender
- Cisgender
- Cissexism
- Coming Out Processes for Transgender People
- Criminal Justice System and Transgender People
- Criminalization of Gender Nonconformity
- Doing Gender
- Gender Affirming Medical Treatments
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- Gender Pronouns
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- Passing
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- Physical Assault, Transgender Survivors of
- Third Gender
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- Transgender People and Dating
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- Cultural Gender Role Norms
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- Gendered Behavior
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- Lesbians and Dating
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- Masculinity Gender Norms
- Health Issues and Gender
- Abortion
- Abstinence
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- Perimenopause
- Pregnancy
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- Safe Sex
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- Sperm Donor
- Substance Use and Gender
- Surrogacy
- Teaching Human Sexuality
- Testosterone
- Men’s Issues
- Alexithymia
- Androcentrism
- Body Image Issues and Men
- Competition and Gender
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- Fatherhood
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- Sexuality and Men
- Mental Health and Gender
- Agoraphobia and Gender
- Alcoholism and Gender
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- Anti-Trans Bias in the DSM
- Anxiety Disorders and Gender
- Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Gender
- Avoidant Personality Disorder and Gender
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- Delusional Disorder and Gender
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- Mental Health and Gender: Overview
- Mental Health Stigma and Gender
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Gender
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Gender
- Panic Disorder and Gender
- Pedophilia and Gender
- Personality Disorders and Gender Bias
- Postpartum Depression
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Gender
- Psychopathy and Gender
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- Schizophrenia and Gender
- Self-Injury and Gender
- Sexual Disorders and Gender
- Sexual Orientation Disturbance, History of
- Sleep Disorders and Gender
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- Social Anxiety Disorder and Gender
- Somatization Disorder and Gender
- Suicide and Gender
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- Voyeurism and Gender
- Multiculturalism and Gender
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- Ability Status and Gender
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- Intersectional Identities
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- Research
- Bem Sex Role Inventory
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- Kinsey Reports
- Kinsey Scale, The
- Measuring Gender
- Measuring Gender Identity
- Measuring Gender Roles
- Measuring Sexual Orientation
- Psychological Measurements, Gender Bias in
- Psychological Measurements, Sexual Orientation Bias in
- Reliability and Gender
- Research Methodology and Gender
- Research: Overview
- Sampling Bias and Gender
- Sexual Orientation as Research Variable
- Transgender Research, Bias in
- Validity and Gender
- Women in STEM Fields, Experiences of
- Sexual Orientation
- Arab Americans and Sexual Orientation
- Asexuality
- Asian Americans and Sexual Orientation
- Biculturalism and Sexual Orientation
- Biphobia
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- Children With LGBTQ Parents
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- Homosexuality
- Immigration and Sexualities
- Internalized Heterosexism
- Islam and Sexual Orientation
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- Latina/o Americans and Sexual Orientation
- Lesbian Identity Development
- Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Children
- Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences of Aging
- Lesbians
- Lesbians and Health
- LGBTQ Athletes, Experiences of
- Marriage Equality
- Measuring Sexual Orientation
- Multiracial People and Sexual Orientation
- Pacific Islanders and Sexual Orientation
- Pansexuality
- Passing
- Psychological Measurements, Sexual Orientation Bias in
- Queer
- Queerness
- Racial Discrimination, Sexual Orientation–Based
- Sexual Identity
- Sexual Orientation as Research Variable
- Sexual Orientation Identity
- Sexual Orientation Identity Development
- Sexual Orientation: Overview
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- Spirituality and Sexual Orientation
- White/European Americans and Sexual Orientation
- Theories and Therapeutic Approaches
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Adlerian Theories of Gender Development
- Behavioral Approaches and Gender
- Behavioral Theories of Gender Development
- Biological Theories of Gender Development
- Cognitive Approaches and Gender
- Cognitive Theories of Gender Development
- Couples Therapy With Heterosexual Couples
- Couples Therapy With Same-Sex Couples
- Cross-Cultural Models or Approaches to Gender
- Cultural Competence
- Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Gender
- Ethics in Psychotherapy and Gender
- Existential Approaches and Gender
- Existential Theories of Gender Development
- Feminist Therapy
- Gender Dynamics in Clinical Supervision
- Gender Dynamics in Clinical Training
- Gender Dynamics in Group Therapy
- Gender Dynamics in Psychotherapy
- Gender Self-Socialization Model
- Gilligan’s Moral Development Theory
- Humanistic Approaches and Gender
- Humanistic Theories of Gender Development
- International Perspectives on Women’s Mental Health
- Interpersonal Therapies and Gender
- Intersectional Theories
- Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
- LGBTQQ-Affirmative Psychotherapy
- Psychoanalytic Approaches and Gender
- Psychoanalytic Feminism
- Psychodynamic Approaches and Gender
- Psychodynamic Feminism
- Psychodynamic Theories of Gender Development
- Sexual Orientation Change Efforts
- Sexual Orientation Dynamics in Clinical Supervision
- Sexual Orientation Dynamics in Clinical Training
- Sexual Orientation Dynamics in Group Therapy
- Sexual Orientation Dynamics in Psychotherapy
- Sociodramatic Play/Role-Play
- Theories and Therapeutic Approaches: Overview
- Women’s Group Therapy
- Violence and Gender
- Acquaintance Rape
- Campus Rape
- Cycles of Abuse
- Date Rape
- Emotional Abuse
- Female Sex Offenders
- Gender-Based Violence
- Gender-Based Violence in Athletics
- Gender-Based Violence in the Media
- Hate Crimes Toward LGBTQ People
- Intimate Partner Violence
- Intimate Partner Violence in Same-Sex Couples
- Military Sexual Trauma
- Misogyny
- Perpetrators of Violence
- Physical Abuse
- Physical Assault, Female Survivors of
- Physical Assault, Male Survivors of
- Physical Assault, Transgender Survivors of
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Gender Violence
- Power-Control and Gender
- Psychological Abuse
- Rape
- Rape Culture
- Revictimization
- Sexual Abuse
- Sexual Assault
- Sexual Assault, Adolescent Survivors of
- Sexual Assault, Child Survivors of
- Sexual Assault, Female Survivors of
- Sexual Assault, Male Survivors of
- Sexual Assault, Survivors of
- Sexual Coercion
- Sexual Offenders
- Slut Shaming
- Spousal Rape
- Stalking
- Stranger Rape
- Take Back the Night
- Transgender Day of Action
- Transgender Day of Remembrance
- Transgender People and Violence
- Transmisogyny
- Vicarious Trauma
- Victim Blaming
- Violence Against Women Act
- Violence and Gender: Overview
- Women’s Issues
- Body Image Issues and Women
- Body Objectification
- Depression and Women
- Femininity
- Feminist Identity Development Model
- Gender Discrimination
- Gender Role Behavior
- Gender Socialization in Women
- Gendered Stereotyped Behaviors in Women
- Help-Seeking Behaviors and Women
- Heterosexual Romantic Relationships
- Heterosexual Women and Dating
- Inferiority Complex
- Internalized Sexism
- Lesbians and Dating
- Lesbians and Health
- Lesbians and Romantic Relationships
- Motherhood
- Physical Assault, Female Survivors of
- Sexism
- Sexism, Psychological Consequences for Women
- Sexual Assault, Female Survivors of
- Sexual Harassment
- Sexuality and Women
- Street Harassment
- Women and Aging
- Women’s Friendships
- Women’s Groups
- Women’s Health
- Women’s Issues: Overview
- Womyn
- The Workplace and Gender
- Affirmative Action
- Domestic Care Industry and Women
- Equal Employment Opportunity
- Equal Pay for Equal Work
- Gender Bias in Hiring Practices
- Gender Discrimination
- Gender Microinequities
- Gendered Organizations
- Labor Movement and Women
- Pregnancy Discrimination
- Sex Work
- Sexual Harassment
- Title IX
- Women and Leadership
- Women Athletes, Experiences of
- Women Coaches, Experiences of
- Women in Academia, Experiences of
- Women in Corporate Positions, Experiences of
- Women in Government, Experiences of
- Women in Public Safety, Experiences of
- Women in Religious Leadership, Experiences of
- Women in STEM Fields, Experiences of
- Women in the Military, Experiences of
- Women Leaders in Political Movements, Experiences of
- Workplace and Gender: Overview
- Workplace Sexual Harassment
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