Immigration is the voluntary or involuntary movement of people to a new country in which they intend to settle for an extended period of time. Immigration is on the rise, and members of receiving nations have a variety of reactions to the arrival of immigrants. Immigration has a major impact on the individuals who relocate and on source and receiving nations. This entry provides an overview of immigration in the 21st century and considers the motivations and personality traits that may determine why individuals leave their country of origin to live somewhere else. It then turns to a discussion of the drivers of host nationals’ attitudes toward immigrants and immigration and how discriminatory treatment of immigrants may occur. The final section provides a summary of ...