On July 21, 2004, President George W. Bush signed the Project Bioshield Act (P.L. 108-276) into law. This act provided the government with the authority and funding to develop, purchase, stockpile, and deliver medical countermeasures to U.S. civilians in the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) incident or attack. Project Bioshield designated authority to the Secretary of the Health and Human Services (HHS) and agencies within. The act originally authorized $5.6 billion Special Reserve Funds (SRF) to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security over 10 years to acquire the next generation drugs and vaccines to protect civilians against CBRN incidents and attacks. Since 2004, the HHS to create a CBRN medical countermeasure market has utilized approximately $3.3 billion. Under the Project Bioshield ...