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Nicotine
Nicotine is an addictive plant alkaloid, and nicotine addiction causes more than 5 million deaths annually, predicted to double by 2025. The present entry identifies the tobacco plant in which nicotine is found, outlines the chemical structure of nicotine, explains the neurobiology and pharmacology of nicotine, and briefly discusses nicotine delivery devices, focused primarily on the most common and most harmful device—the cigarette. Finally, regulation of nicotine products is discussed.
Nicotine in Nature
The tobacco plant, from which nicotine is obtained, was named Nicotiana tabacum in 1585 in honor of Jean Nicot, who first sent tobacco plant seeds from the New World to Paris in 1556. Nicotine is found in all varieties of the tobacco plant. Since the industrialization of tobacco production, manufacture, and sale, global ...
- Branches of Pharmacology
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- Pseudoephedrine, Restriction of Access to
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- Pharmacological Issues in Society
- Game of Shadows (Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams)
- Advertising to Doctors
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- Anabolic Steroids (Sport)
- Anti-Doping Convention, Council of Europe
- Arts: Prescription Drugs and Creativity
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- Baseball and Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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- Canada: Variation in Prescription Drug Benefits by Province/Territory
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- Clinical Pharmacology: Developing Countries
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- Drug Labeling: Developing World
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- Drug Testing, High School and College Athletes (U.S.)
- Drug Testing, Olympic Athletes (Overview)
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- Drugs as Study Aids
- Efalizumab (Raptiva) Controversy
- EPO (Erythropoietin)
- Ethics of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sport
- Fen-Phen (Fenfluramine/Phentermine) Controversy
- Fluoridation (Drinking Water)
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- Human Subjects Research in Developing Countries
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- Shooting Sports and Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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- Thalidomide (Contergan) Controversy
- Therapeutic Use Exemption (Performance-Enhancing Drugs)
- Track and Field and Performance-Enhancing Drugs
- Trovafloxacin (Trovan) Controversy
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- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
- Research in Pharmacology
- Social History of Pharmacology
- Canon of Medicine, The (Avicenna)
- Curandero
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- Materia Medica
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- Noonday Demon, The: An Atlas of Depression (Andrew Solomon)
- Touched With Fire: Manic-Depressive Illness and the Artistic Temperament (Jamison)
- Unani (Muslim Traditional Medicine)
- Access to Essential Medicines as a Human Right: History
- Aloe Vera (Herbal Medicine)
- Antibiotic Revolution, The
- Antipsychiatry Movement
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- Deinstitutionalization Movement
- Digitalis
- Disease Concept of Addiction: History
- Ephedra (Herbal Medicine)
- Fertility Control: History
- Ginseng (Herbal Medicine)
- History of Pharmacological Treatments for Mental Health
- History of Pharmacology: Ancient China
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- History of Pharmacology: U.S., 1865 to 1900
- History of Pharmacology: U.S., 1900 to 1945
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- History of Pharmacology: U.S., Colonial Period to 1865
- History of Pharmacy as a Profession: Africa
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- Mass Drug Administration
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- Neuro-Enhancement Through Pharmacy
- Nutritional Supplements: History
- Opiate Replacement Programs
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- Patient Activism
- Patient Rights
- Pharmacology to Control and Punish
- Polio Eradication Campaign
- RAND Health Insurance Experiment (1974–1982)
- Siddha Medicine (Dravidian Culture)
- Smallpox Eradication
- Traditional and Herbal Medicines, Regulation: Africa
- Traditional and Herbal Medicines, Regulation: Australia and New Zealand
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- Traditional and Herbal Medicines, Regulation: East Asia
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- Traditional Medicine: Australia (Bush Medicine)
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- Tylenol Tampering Case
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- Venereal Disease Treatment: History
- Specific Drugs/Drugs for Specific Conditions
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- Amphetamines
- Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (WHO)
- Antianxiety Drugs
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- Antipyretic Drugs
- Appetite Depressants and Stimulants
- Bath Salts (Synthetic Cathinones)
- Cancer, Drug Treatments for
- Cardiovascular Drugs
- Central Nervous System Depressants and Stimulants
- Chemical Fertilizers: Human Health Effects
- Club Drugs
- Cocaine
- Cognitive Enhancers
- Decongestants
- Diuretics
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- Hallucinogens
- Heroin
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
- Hypnotics and Sedatives
- Ibogaine
- Inhalants
- Khat
- LSD
- Lyme Disease, Treatments for
- MDMA (Ecstasy)
- Methamphetamine
- Narcotic Antagonists
- Narcotics (Prescription)
- Nicotine
- Pain Disorders
- PCP (Drug of Abuse)
- Pesticides: Human Health Effects
- Phytochemicals
- Salvia (Drug of Abuse)
- Smoking Cessation Drugs
- Sunscreening Agents
- Synthetic Marijuana
- Tranquilizers
- Vaccines
- Venereal Diseases, Treatments for
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- Sexual Minorities
- Women
- University Research Programs
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