Entry
Reader's guide
Entries A-Z
Subject index
World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
The World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) is the global representative of news publishers and press. Approximately 2,000 news agencies and publishers; 1,000 service providers, news consultants, and suppliers; and 80 national newspaper associations are members of the WAN-IFRA. Incorporating about 18,000 publications and 15,000 websites in more than 120 countries, WAN-IFRA is the largest press organization in the world. At the United Nations and the Council of Europe, WAN-IFRA holds consultative status. As a formal associate, the organization represents the newspaper industry at UNESCO. The association was created in 2009 by the merger of IFRA, a research and service organization for the news publishing industry, with the World Association of Newspapers. WAN-IFRA’s headquarters are located in Frankfurt, Germany and Paris, France, with ...
- Advertising, Marketing, and Public Relations
- Adbusters
- Advertising
- Advertising, History and Economics of
- Advertising, Return on Investment
- Branding
- Celebrities
- Commercial Speech
- Consumer Behavior
- Consumer Culture
- Content Marketing
- Food Advertising and Marketing
- Graphic Design
- Litigation Public Relations
- Native Advertising
- Outdoor Advertising
- Product Placement
- Public Relations
- Public Relations Society of America
- Public Relations Society of America Code of Ethics
- Shopping Websites
- Storyboard
- Target Marketing
- Video News Release
- Viral Marketing
- Children and Media
- Countries
- Afghanistan
- Albania
- Angola
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Bahamas
- Bahrain
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belize
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Brunei Darussalam
- Bulgaria
- Burundi
- Côte d’Ivoire
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Cape Verde
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- Djibouti
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Eritrea
- Estonia
- Ethiopia
- Fiji
- Finland
- France
- Gambia, The
- Georgia
- Germany
- Ghana
- Greece
- Grenada
- Guatemala
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Hungary
- Iceland
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kosovo
- Kuwait
- Kyrgyzstan
- Laos
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Liberia
- Libya
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
- Malta
- Marshall Islands
- Mauritania
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Myanmar
- Nauru
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- Nigeria
- North Korea
- North Macedonia
- Norway
- Oman
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Palestine
- Panama
- Pandora
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Philippines
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Samoa
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- Senegal
- Serbia
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- Somalia
- South Africa
- South Korea
- South Sudan
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Sudan
- Swaziland
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syria
- Taiwan
- Tajikistan
- Thailand
- Timor-Leste
- Tonga
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Arab Emirates
- Uruguay
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Vatican City
- Venezuela
- Vietnam
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
- Economics of Media
- Advertising, History and Economics of
- Advertising, Return on Investment
- Capitalism
- Concentration of Media Ownership
- Conglomerates
- Content Farms
- Corporate Media Consolidation
- Media Entrepreneurship
- Media Management
- Movie Theaters, History and Economics of
- Movies, History and Economics of
- Music Industry, History and Economics of
- Newspaper Publishing
- Newspapers, History and Economics of
- Radio, History and Economics of
- Television, History and Economics of
- Transnational Media Corporations
- Unfair Trade Practices
- Vertical Integration
- Ethics and Social Implications
- Action for Children’s Television
- Addiction
- Advocacy
- Audiences
- Body Image in Mass Media
- Class Privilege in Mass Media
- Critical Viewing
- Culture Industry
- Culture Jamming
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberculture
- Desensitization
- Diasporic Communities and Social Media
- Digital Media Ethics
- Direct Effects
- Disabilities in Media
- Disaster Coverage
- Disinhibitory and Inhibitory Effects
- Election Campaigns
- Ethics of Care
- Ethics of Justice
- Ethics of Representation
- European Union Culture Preservation Initiative
- Fake News
- Fans and Fandom
- Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media
- Global Digital Divide
- Global Media Ethics
- Globalization of Mass Media
- Grassroots Campaigns
- Hacking
- Hacktivism
- Humor
- MacBride Report
- Mainstream Media
- Media Activism
- Media and Children’s Rights
- Media and Human Rights
- Media and Philanthropy
- Media and Poverty
- Media Bias
- Media Dependency
- Media Diplomacy
- Media Ethics
- Media Literacy
- Media Spectacle
- Mediated Scandal
- Moral Relativity
- National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics
- Nerd Culture
- One Laptop per Child
- Online Predators
- Online Speech, Restrictions on
- Photography
- Political Mass Media
- Pornography
- Problematic Interactive Media Use
- Propaganda
- Propaganda, Theories of
- Public Diplomacy
- Public Relations Society of America Code of Ethics
- Representation
- Senior Citizens and the Internet
- Sexual Harassment Online
- Social Inclusion Through Technology
- Social Justice
- Social Network Analysis
- Terrorism, Media Depictions of
- War Coverage and Wartime Mass Media
- Whistleblowing
- Film
- African American Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Animation
- Auteur
- Blockbusters
- Bollywood
- Children’s Movies
- Documentary Media
- Female Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Film Production
- LGBTQ Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Motion Picture Association of America
- Movie Theaters, History and Economics of
- Movies, History and Economics of
- Nollywood
- Product Placement
- SAG-AFTRA
- Screenwriting, Film
- Sound Effects
- Special Effects
- Studio System
- Telefilm Canada
- Wedding Media
- History of Media
- Journalism and News
- Celebrities
- Citizen Journalism
- Data Journalism
- Environmental Communication
- Interviewing
- Journalism, History and Economics of
- Magazine Journalism
- Mainstream Media
- Media Events
- Media Spectacle
- News Agencies
- News Lab
- NewsGuild
- Newspaper Journalism
- Science Communication
- Solutions Journalism
- War Coverage and Wartime Mass Media
- Weather Forecasting
- Whistleblowing
- Worlds of Journalism Study
- Law and Policy
- New York Times v. Sullivan
- Roth v. United States
- Adelphi Charter
- Advertising Regulations
- Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
- Canada’s Anti-Spam Legislation
- Canadian Content Policy
- Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
- CAN-SPAM Act
- Censorship
- Children’s Television Act of 1990
- Communications Act of 1934
- Copyright Alert System
- Copyright Laws
- Creative Commons
- Defamation and Libel Laws
- Digital Rights Management
- European Media Lobbies and Governance
- Fairness Doctrine
- Federal Communications Commission, U.S.
- Federal Trade Commission, U.S.
- Freedom of Information Act
- Hicklin Rule
- Hutchins Commission
- Intellectual Property
- Libel Tourism
- Literary Property
- Litigation Public Relations
- Miller Test
- Obscene Publications Acts
- Prior Restraint
- Radio Act of 1927
- Self-Regulation
- Shield Laws
- Telecommunications Act of 1993, Canada
- Telecommunications Act of 1996, U.S.
- Media Channels
- Online Media
- Avatars
- Blogs and Bloggers
- Bookmarking
- Celebrities
- Comics
- Content Moderation
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberculture
- Diasporic Communities and Social Media
- Digital Media and Health
- Digital Media Ethics
- Digital Piracy
- Digital Revolution
- Humor
- Interactive Media
- Internet Security
- Internet Society
- Internet, History and Economics of
- Lurking
- Magazine Websites
- Massively Multiplayer Online Gaming
- Meme
- Mobile Media
- MOOCs
- Multimedia
- Music Videos
- Neurodiverse Websites
- Newspaper Websites
- Online News Sites
- Online Speech, Restrictions on
- Pirate Radio
- Podcasting
- Radio, Online
- Really Simple Syndication
- RSS Reader
- Second Life
- Senior Citizens and the Internet
- Sexual Harassment Online
- Shopping Websites
- Silicon Alley
- Silicon Valley
- Social Media
- Social Media Monitoring
- Social Network Analysis
- Social Networking Site
- Social News Sites
- Storyboard
- Streaming Media
- User-Generated Content
- User-Generated Media
- Video Editing
- Video Games
- Videography
- Virtual Communities
- Vlog
- Wikipedia
- Wikis
- Zines
- Print Media
- Backlist and Frontlist
- Book Publishing
- Book Publishing, History and Economics of
- Broadsheet Newspapers
- Children’s Magazines
- Comics
- Educational Radio
- Free Newspapers
- Graphic Design
- Graphic Novels
- LGBTQ Magazines
- LGBTQ Newspapers
- LGBTQ Radio Programming
- Magazine Journalism
- Magazines, History of
- Men’s Magazines
- NewsGuild
- Newspaper Journalism
- Newspaper Publishing
- Newspapers, History and Economics of
- Newspapers, Print
- Photography
- Pirate Radio
- Printing Press
- Public Affairs Radio Programming
- Radio
- Television
- Action for Children’s Television
- African American Characters on Television and in the Movies
- Blockbusters
- Cable Television
- Children’s Television Act of 1990
- Children’s Television Programming
- Daytime Television Programming
- Diaries
- Digital Television
- Educational Television
- Female Characters on Television and in the Movies
- House Band
- Internet Protocol Television
- Late-Night Television Programming
- LGBTQ Characters on Television and in the Movies
- LGBTQ Television Programming
- Music Videos
- News Themes
- Prime-Time Programming
- Public Affairs Television Programming
- Public Broadcasting Service
- Reality Television
- Religious Television Programming
- Sound Effects
- Special Effects
- Sports Television Programming
- Talk Shows, Television
- Telefilm Canada
- Television Production
- Television, History and Economics of
- Time-Shifting
- TiVo
- Video Editing
- Video News Release
- Videography
- Wedding Media
- Women’s Television Programming
- Online Media
- Media Companies and News Outlets
- Chicago Defender
- Globe and Mail, The
- Guardian, The
- Los Angeles Times
- New York Times, The
- Pravda
- Time Magazine
- Times of India, The
- Times, The and The Sunday Times
- USA Today
- Wall Street Journal, The
- Washington Post, The
- Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
- Al Jazeera
- Amazon
- Associated Press
- Australian Associated Press
- Bertelsmann
- British Broadcasting Corporation
- Business Wire
- Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
- China Central Television
- CNN
- Discovery, Inc.
- Foursquare
- France Télévisions
- Grupo Globo
- iHeartMedia
- Klout
- Kuwait News Agency
- Māori Television
- Myspace
- Naspers
- National Public Radio
- NDTV
- Netflix
- News Corporation
- Pakistan Television Corporation
- People’s Daily
- Prasar Bharati
- Private Media Group
- RAI
- Rakuten
- Reuters
- RIA Novosti
- Rogers Communications
- RTÉ
- RTL Group
- RTP
- Scribd
- Sky News
- Sky UK
- South African Broadcasting Corporation
- Star India
- Telefe
- teleSUR
- Tencent
- Thai TV Global Network
- TNT
- United Press International
- Vatican Radio
- Voice of America
- Walt Disney Company
- WarnerMedia
- Xinhua News Agency
- Yahoo
- YouTube
- Media Research and Theories
- Agenda Setting
- Alterity
- Animal Media Studies
- Attention Span
- Attitude Change Theory
- Behaviorism and Cognitivism
- British Cultural Theory
- Class-Dominant Theory
- Cognition and Information Processing
- Cognitive Dissonance
- Cognitive Processing, Disengagement, and Empathy
- Collective Intelligence
- Communications Research
- Communitarianism
- Conceptual Metaphor Theory
- Constructivism
- Content Analysis
- Content Communities
- Critical Theory
- Cultivation Theory
- Culturalist Approach
- Deconstructionism
- Discourse Analysis
- Effects Theory
- Embodiment
- Encoding/Decoding Model
- Environmental Communication
- Ethnography
- Feedback
- Feminist Analyses of Media
- Field Theory
- Focus Groups
- Framing
- Frankfurt School
- Functionalist Theory
- Gaze Theory
- Genre Theory
- Global Village
- Grounded Theory
- Hegemony
- Hot and Cool Media Theory
- Hypodermic Needle Theory
- Ideology
- Impartiality
- Information Society
- Information Theory
- Intercultural Communication
- Intergroup Communication
- Interpersonal Communication
- Intersectionality
- Intertextuality
- Interviewing
- Island Communicative Ecology
- Labelling Theory
- Limited Effects Theory
- Linguistics
- Listening
- Marxist and Neo-Marxist Theories
- Mass Psychology
- Mass Society Theory of Media Influence
- Media Echo Chamber
- Media Ecology
- Mediated Culture
- Mediatization
- Medium
- Models of Communication
- Modernism
- Moral Relativity
- Narcotizing Dysfunction
- Nihilism
- Norms
- Objectivity
- Observational Research
- Obstinate Audience Theory
- One-Step Flow Theory
- Opinion Leaders and Followers
- Paradigm Shift
- Parasocial Interaction
- Participatory Action Research
- Perception
- Political Communication
- Political Economy of Communication
- Posthumanism
- Postmodernism
- Priming
- Propaganda
- Propaganda, Theories of
- Psychoanalytic Theory
- Psychographics
- Rhetorical Analysis
- Ritual View
- Science Communication
- Selective Exposure, Perception, and Retention
- Semiotic Theory
- Simulacrum
- SMCR Model
- Social Authority Building
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Social Construction of Reality
- Spiral of Silence
- Strategic Communication
- Structuralism
- Subjectivity
- Survey Research
- Transmission View
- Two-Step Flow Theory
- Uses and Gratifications Theory
- Music
- Organizations
- Adbusters
- Alliance for Audited Media
- American Civil Liberties Union
- American Copy Editors Society
- American Forces Network
- American Press Institute
- American Society of News Editors
- Association for Women in Communications
- Broadcast Education Association
- Center for Digital Democracy
- Center for Media and Public Affairs
- Center for the Book
- Center on Media and Child Health
- Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
- Centre for Digital Cultures
- European Alliance of News Agencies
- Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media
- Institute of Communication and Media Studies
- International Association of Business Communicators
- International Federation of Journalists
- International Women’s Media Foundation
- Internet Association
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
- Internet Protocol Television
- Magazines Canada
- Motion Picture Association of America
- National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences
- National Association for Multi-ethnicity in Communications
- National Association of Black Journalists
- National Endowment for the Arts
- National Film Board of Canada
- National Press Photographers Association
- National Press Photographers Association Code of Ethics
- National Union of Journalists
- NLGJA: The Association of LGBTQ Journalists
- Paley Center for Media
- Press Trust of India
- Public Relations Society of America
- Public Relations Society of America Code of Ethics
- Recording Industry Association of America
- Reporters Without Borders
- SAG-AFTRA
- Society of Environmental Journalists
- Society of Professional Journalists
- World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers
- Race and Ethnicity
- Chicago Defender
- Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
- African American Characters on Television and in the Movies
- African American Magazines
- African American Newspapers
- African American Radio Programming
- African American Television Programming
- Asian American Magazines
- Asian American Movies
- Asian American Newspapers
- Asian American Radio Programming
- Asian American Television Programming
- Hispanic Movies
- Hispanic Newspapers
- Hispanic Radio Programming
- Hispanic Television Programming
- Māori Television
- Native American Movies
- Native American Newspapers
- Native American Radio Programming
- Native American Television Programming
- Technology
- Analog and Digital Communications
- Application Programming Interface
- Apps
- Artificial Intelligence
- Audio Editing
- Autonomous Moral Agent
- Avatars
- BitTorrent
- Blu-ray Discs
- Bookmarking
- Cassette Tapes
- Compact Discs
- Computer Networks
- Computers, History and Economics of
- Cyberbullying
- Cyberculture
- Data Journalism
- Diasporic Communities and Social Media
- Digital Media and Health
- Digital Media Ethics
- Digital Piracy
- Digital Revolution
- Digital Rights Management
- Drone Journalism
- Dubbing
- DVDs
- e-Commerce
- Educational Technology
- Emergency Notification Systems
- Emoticons and Emojis
- e-Sports
- Freeware
- Global Digital Divide
- Hacking
- Hacktivism
- HTML and CSS
- Hypertext and Hypermedia
- Integrated Circuit
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
- Internet Security
- Internet Society
- Internet, History and Economics of
- Meme
- Mobile Media
- MP3 Players
- Multimedia
- One Laptop per Child
- Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
- Peer-to-Peer Payment Systems
- Podcasting
- Really Simple Syndication
- RFID Chip
- RSS Reader
- Search Engine Optimization
- Search Engines
- Sexting
- Silicon Alley
- Silicon Valley
- SlideShare
- Social Inclusion Through Technology
- Software
- Tag Cloud
- Tape Recorders
- Technology Development, Influence on Mass Media
- Tencent
- TiVo
- Web Browsers
184313
- Loading...
