According to the U.S. Census Bureau, by 2009 more than one in four children did not live with their biological father. Nonresidential fathers are those men who do not live in the same household as their children. These fathers may be divorced or separated from their children’s mother or may have never been married to the mother. People may assume that married fathers are present in their children’s lives and divorced or unmarried fathers are absent from their children’s lives, but the reality is that there is a continuum of quality of relationships between fathers and children in both residential and nonresidential arrangements. Nevertheless, it may be more difficult for nonresidential fathers to maintain quality relationships with their children, despite many children expressing a desire ...