Assessment in marriage and family therapy is one of the most essential components to proper treatment. Without a full understanding of what is going on for the individuals and families, it is difficult for marriage and family therapists (MFTs) to determine a proper treatment plan. One holistic way to assess clients is through the biopsychosocial (BPS) model. The BPS model was developed by George Engle, a psychiatrist, in order to highlight key aspects of the human condition: biological, psychological, and social. Through these concepts, clinicians are able to systematically assess clients. Recently, spirituality was added to the BPS model as clinicians and researchers have recognized the importance of assessing the client’s belief systems and viewpoints on existential viewpoints. The biopsychosocial-spiritual (BPSS) model, therefore, is an ...