Mindfulness

The term mindfulness is commonly used in scientific, clinical, and lay literature. Although interest in conscious awareness and attention to this awareness have been actively considered within Western psychology for more than 100 years, dating back to the writings of William James, Buddhist writings on concepts relating to mindfulness date back over 2,000 years. Still, from ancient Buddhists to clinicians to neuroscientists, the term mindfulness is used in different ways. This entry first considers the varying definitions, measurements, and practice of mindfulness; examines psychotherapeutic approaches that draw on mindfulness concepts; explores the neuroscience behind mindfulness; and highlights the broader mindfulness movement in contemporary society.