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Long-Term Same-Sex Couples
Recent data indicate that the average relationship duration for same-sex couples is just under 13 years. This entry provides details on the experiences of long-term (roughly defined as 5 years or longer) same-sex couples by presenting information on (1) demographic characteristics of same-sex couples in the United States; (2) families of same-sex couples; (3) relationship quality and relationship dynamics in long-term same-sex couples; (4) relationship stability and dissolution; (5) same-sex relationships and health; and (6) some of the unique challenges faced by aging same-sex couples, particularly in relation to health.
Demographic Characteristics of Same-Sex Couples
In the 2013 American Community Survey, there were over 726,000 same-sex couples in the United States, with 34.6% of those couples describing themselves as married. As a result of the Supreme ...
- Activism and Advocacy
- Activists in College
- Ally Development and Programming
- Ally Experience
- Antigay Ballot Initiatives (and LGBTQ Activism)
- Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
- Freedom to Marry (and Other Marriage Equality Organizations)
- Gay–Straight Alliances (GSAs)
- Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network (GLSEN)
- Gender Spectrum
- GLAAD
- Human Rights Campaign
- Intersex Society of North America
- It Gets Better
- Lambda Legal
- National Center for Lesbian Rights (NCLR)
- No Promo Homo Policies
- PFLAG
- School Professionals’ Responses to LGBTQ Training
- Stonewall
- Trevor Project, The
- World Professional Association for Transgender Health
- Family, Kin, and Friendship Networks
- Aging, Social Relationships, and Support
- Ballroom Scene, The
- Bisexual People and Community
- Cancer and Social Support
- Caregiving
- Cross-Category Friendships
- Families of Choice
- Families of Origin, Relationships With
- Friendships
- HIV/AIDS and Social Support
- LGBTQ Grandparenting
- LGBTQ Online Communications: Building Community Through Blogs, Vlogs, and Facebook
- Mentoring
- PFLAG
- Relationships With Families Who Share the Same Donor
- Relationships With Parents, Youth
- Relationships With Siblings, Youth
- Romantic Friendships
- Services and Advocacy for GLBT Elders (SAGE)
- Sibling Relationships
- Suicide, Effects on Family and Friends
- Support Groups and Resources
- Transgender Youth and Family Relationships
- Workplace Relationships
- Intersectionalities
- African American Sexualities
- Asian American/Pacific Islander Sexualities
- Binational Same-Sex Couples and Families
- Catholic LGBTQ People
- Christian LGBTQ People
- Cultural Dissemblance (of African Americans)
- East Asian Sexualities
- HIV/AIDS and Gay Masculinity
- HIV/AIDS and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
- Intellectual Disabilities
- Interracial Relationships
- Intersections Between Sex, Gender, and Sexual Identity
- Intersexuality
- Jewish LGBTQ People
- Latina/o Sexualities
- LGBTQ People of Color
- Multiracial LGBTQ-Parent Families
- Muslim LGB People
- Native American/First Nations Sexualities
- Physical Disabilities
- Racialized Masculinity
- Religion/Spirituality and LGBTQ People
- Religious Identity and Sexuality, Reconciliation of
- Religious LGBTQ Youth
- Rural and Urban Communities
- Social Class
- Social Class and Sexuality, Intersections Between
- Sperm Donor Selection and Race/Ethnicity
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth of Color
- Transgender People and Religion/Spirituality
- Transgender Sexualities
- LGBTQ Identity and Politics
- Asexuality
- Ballroom Scene, The
- Bear Community
- Bisexual Inclusion in the LGBTQ Rights Movement
- Bisexual People and Community
- Bisexualities
- Bisexuality, Female
- Bisexuality, Male
- Bondage, Dominance/Submission, Sadism/Masochism (BDSM)
- Butch-Femme
- Cisgenderism
- Closet, The
- Coming Out, Disclosure, and Passing
- Community Climate
- Demographics and the LGBTQ Population
- Down Low
- Drag
- Effeminacy
- Embodiment
- Essentialist-Constructionist Debate on the Origins of Sexual Orientation
- Evolutionary Theory
- Ex-Gay Movement
- Exotic Becomes Erotic: A Developmental Theory of Sexual Orientation
- Gay Gentrification
- Gayborhoods
- Gaydar
- Gender Binaries
- Gender Spectrum
- Genderqueer
- Homosexuality, Female
- Homosexuality, Male
- Hypermasculinity
- Internalized Homophobia
- Intersexuality
- Kink
- LGBTQ Social Movements (Assimilation vs. Liberation)
- LGBTQ Umbrella
- Masculinities
- Masculinity Stereotypes
- Morality and Respectability
- Nonbinary Genders
- Pansexuality
- Psychological Approaches to Studying LGBTQ People
- Queer
- Queer Anticapitalism
- Queer Ethnographies/Autoethnographies
- Queer Politics
- Queer Theory
- Queering Heteromasculinities
- Religious Identity and Sexuality, Reconciliation of
- Sexual Fluidity
- Sexual Orientation Among Transgender People
- Sexual-Identity Labels
- Sissyboy Experience
- Stealth (Transgender Passing)
- Strategic Disclosure
- Theories of Sexual Orientation
- Tomboy Experience
- Transgender Ethnographies
- Transgender Identities
- Transgender Inclusion in the LGBTQ Rights Movement
- LGBTQ People and Aging
- Advance Health Care Planning
- Ageisms in LGBTQ Cultures
- Aging and Bisexuality
- Aging and Gay Men
- Aging and Lesbian Women
- Aging and Transgender People
- Aging, Sex, and Sexuality
- Aging, Social Relationships, and Support
- Caregiving
- Dementia
- Disabilities Among LGBTQ Elders
- Discrimination Against LGBTQ Elders
- Dying, Death, and Bereavement
- Elder Abuse
- HIV/AIDS and Aging
- Powers of Attorney
- Retirement
- Senior Living Programs and Policies
- Services and Advocacy for GLBT Elders (SAGE)
- Wills and Trusts
- LGBTQ People, Health, and Well-Being
- Advance Health Care Planning
- Affirmative Therapy
- Anxiety
- Biphobia
- Body Image Disturbance and Eating Disorders in LGBTQ People
- Body Modification
- Body Size and Weight
- Breast Care for Transgender People
- Cancer and Social Support
- Cancer in the LGBTQ Community
- Chronic Illness
- Couples Therapy
- Dementia
- Depression
- Disabilities Among LGBTQ Elders
- Discrimination on the Basis of HIV/AIDS in Health Care
- Dying, Death, and Bereavement
- Ex-Gay Movement
- Health Care Plans
- Health Care Providers, Disclosure of Sexual Identity to
- Health Care System
- Health Disparities
- Health Disparities, Transgender People
- Health Insurance Coverage for Transgender People, Access to
- History of Transgender Medicine in the United States
- HIV and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS and Aging
- HIV/AIDS and Gay Masculinity
- HIV/AIDS and Racial/Ethnic Disparities
- HIV/AIDS and Social Support
- HIV/AIDS in Prison
- HIV/AIDS Treatment and Care, Psychosocial and Structural Barriers to
- Hormones and Surgery During Gender Transition
- Hospital Visitation
- Intellectual Disabilities
- LGBTQ Health in Non-Western Contexts
- LGBTQ Parents and the Health Care System
- Marriage Equality, Effects on Well-Being and Relationships
- Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM)
- Parental Well-Being
- Physical Disabilities
- Physicians
- Posttraumatic Stress
- Powers of Attorney
- Sex Therapy
- Sexology
- Sexual Addiction and Compulsions
- Sexual Agreements and Arrangements
- Sexual Compulsivity, Treatment of
- Sexual Orientation Conversion Therapy
- Sexual Risk-Taking
- Smoking
- Substance Abuse and LGBTQ People
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Recovery
- Substance Abuse/Dependence and Transgender People
- Substance Use, Youth
- Suicide, Effects on Family and Friends
- Suicide, Risk Factors for and Prevention of
- Support Groups and Resources
- Therapists’ Biases Regarding LGBTQ People
- Therapists, Training of
- Therapy With Children of LGBTQ Parents
- Therapy With Families During and After Parental Gender Transition
- Therapy With LGBTQ Parents
- Therapy With LGBTQ Youth
- Therapy With Transgender Individuals: Mental Health Considerations
- Therapy With Transgender, Transsexual, and Gender-Nonconforming People
- Transgender Health Care
- Transgender Parents and Well-Being
- Transgender People and Binding, Tucking, and Packing
- Transgender Youth and Cross-Sex Hormones
- Transgender Youth and Puberty Suppression
- Transgender Youth and Well-Being
- Trevor Project, The
- Vaginoplasty for Transgender Women
- LGBTQ Youth
- Abstinence Only Until Marriage
- Adolescent Pregnancy
- Age of Consent
- Bullying, Legal Protections Against
- Bullying, Rates and Effects of
- Bullying, School-Based Interventions for
- Developmental Aspects of Sexuality
- Foster Care
- Gaming
- Gangs
- Gay–Straight Alliances (GSAs)
- Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network (GLSEN)
- Gender Clinics
- Gender Nonconformity, Youth
- Homophobic Language in the Peer Group
- It Gets Better
- LGBTQ Issues in K–12 Education Across Global Contexts
- LGBTQ Online Communications: Building Community Through Blogs, Vlogs, and Facebook
- No Promo Homo Policies
- Nonheterosexual Children of LGBTQ Parents
- Relationships With Parents, Youth
- Relationships With Siblings, Youth
- Religion and Spirituality, Youth
- Religious LGBTQ Youth
- Resilience and Protective Factors, Youth
- School Climate
- School Professionals’ Responses to LGBTQ Training
- Schools as Heteronormative Spaces
- School-to-Prison Pipeline
- Sexual Education Mandates for Inclusion
- Sexualities at School
- Substance Use, Youth
- Therapy With LGBTQ Youth
- Therapy With Transgender, Transsexual, and Gender-Nonconforming People
- Tomboy Experience
- Training of Teachers in LGBQ Sensitivity and Competence
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals and Bathrooms
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth and the Legal System
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth of Color
- Transgender Students: Access to Sex-Segregated Facilities and Programs
- Transgender Youth and Cross-Sex Hormones
- Transgender Youth and Family Relationships
- Transgender Youth and Puberty Suppression
- Transgender Youth and Well-Being
- Trevor Project, The
- Violence and Victimization of Youth
- Youth and Dating
- LGBTQ College Students/Young Adults
- Abstinence Only Until Marriage
- Activists in College
- Ally Development and Programming
- Ally Experience
- Campus Climate
- Career Development and Trajectories
- College Athletes
- College Students
- Fraternities and Sororities
- Historically Black Colleges and Universities, LGBTQ Students at
- LGBT/Queer Studies Programs
- LGBTQ (In)Visibility Within College Contexts
- Transgender Inclusion on College Campuses
- Transgender Students: Access to Sex-Segregated Facilities and Programs
- Marriage and Divorce
- Child Support After LGBQ Divorce/Separation
- Colorado Designated Beneficiary
- Commitment Ceremonies
- Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
- Divorce and Relationship Dissolution, Psychological Experience of
- Divorce and Separation, Historical Perspective on
- Divorce, Legal Issues in
- Freedom to Marry (and Other Marriage Equality Organizations)
- Legal Consciousness
- Legal Recognition of Nonmarital Same-Sex Relationships
- Living Arrangements of Children After LGBQ Divorce/Separation
- Long-Term Same-Sex Couples
- Marriage Equality, Effects on Well-Being and Relationships
- Marriage Equality, Landmark Court Decisions
- Marriage, Reasons for and Against
- Mixed-Orientation Marriages
- Naming Practices
- Partners in (Gender) Transition
- Powers of Attorney
- Relationships With Former Spouses
- Same-Sex Weddings
- Wills and Trusts
- Parenting
- Adoption, Legal Considerations in
- Adoption, Openness in
- Adults with LGBQ Parents
- Caregiving
- Child Support After LGBQ Divorce/Separation
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Academic Outcomes
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Female/Male Role Models
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Gender Development and Identity
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Psychosocial Outcomes
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Sexual Identity
- Children With LGBQ Parents, Stigmatization
- Children With Transgender Parents, Psychosocial Outcomes
- Coparenting
- Custody and Litigation, LGBQ Parents
- Custody Issues in Transgender Parenting
- Division of Labor in LGBTQ-Parent Families
- Foster Care
- Foster Parenting
- Foster Parenting, Legal Considerations in
- Home–School Partnerships in LGBTQ-Parent Families
- Joint Adoption
- Legal Rights of Nonbiological Parents
- LGB Parenting Styles and Values
- LGBQ Parents and the Health Care System
- LGBQ Parents, Coming Out to Children
- LGBTQ Grandparenting
- LGBTQ-Parent Families With More Than Two Parents
- LGBTQ-Parent Involvement and Advocacy in Schools
- Living Arrangements of Children After LGBQ Divorce/Separation
- Multiracial LGBTQ-Parent Families
- Naming Practices
- Nonbiological, Nongestational Mother
- Nonheterosexual Children of LGBTQ Parents
- Parent Gender Transition and Intimate Relationship Changes
- Parental Well-Being
- Parent-Child Relationships
- Polyamorous Parenting
- Relationships With Families Who Share the Same Donor
- Second-Parent Adoption
- Sense of Belonging/School Climate in LGBTQ-Parent Families
- Single-Parent Adoption
- Sperm Donors’ Involvement in Children’s Lives
- Stepfamily Division of Labor and Money Management
- Stepfamily Family Functioning and Relationship Stability
- Surrogacy, Legal Considerations of
- Therapy With Children of LGBTQ Parents
- Therapy With Families During and After Parental Gender Transition
- Therapy With LGBTQ Parents
- Transgender Parents and Well-Being
- Transition to Parenthood and Parental Roles
- Transition to Parenthood for LGBTQ People
- Work-Family Interface, LGBQ Parents
- Research Methods
- “Big Data” Bias in LGBTQ Research
- Disciplinary Tensions in Studying LGBTQ Populations
- Ethical Research With Sexual and Gender Minorities
- Focus Groups
- Heterosexist Bias in Research
- Methodological Decisions by Researchers of LGBTQ Populations
- Online Surveys
- Population-Based Surveys, Collection of Data on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
- Qualitative Research
- Quantitative Research
- Research, Use of Large Datasets in
- Sampling
- Scientific Integrity, Debates About
- Social Media, Use for Recruitment
- Routes to Parenthood
- Adoption and Foster Care Discrimination
- Adoption Type
- Adoption via the Child Welfare System
- Adoption, Choices About
- Adoption, International
- Adoption, Legal Considerations in
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs)
- Deciding Whether to Parent
- Ethical Debates About Surrogacy
- Foster Care
- Foster Parenting
- Foster Parenting, Legal Considerations in
- Gay Sperm Donors
- Infertility and Reproductive Loss
- Intentions and Motivations to Parent
- International Surrogacy/Reproductive Outsourcing
- Joint Adoption
- Masculinity and Pregnancy
- Nonbiological, Nongestational Mother
- Second-Parent Adoption
- Self-Insemination
- Single-Parent Adoption
- Sperm Donor Selection and Race/Ethnicity
- Sperm Donor, Choosing a
- Sperm Donors, Known
- Sperm Donors, Unknown
- Surrogacy
- Surrogacy, Legal Considerations of
- Transracial Versus Inracial Adoption
- Sexuality and Intimate Relationships
- Adolescent Pregnancy
- Age of Consent
- Aging, Sex, and Sexuality
- Bear Community
- Bondage, Dominance/Submission, Sadism/Masochism (BDSM)
- Butch-Femme
- Dating, Sexual-Minority Men
- Dating, Sexual-Minority Women
- Developmental Aspects of Sexuality
- Down Low
- Interracial Relationships
- Intersections Between Sex, Gender, and Sexual Identity
- Intersexuality
- Intimate Partner Violence, Female
- Intimate Partner Violence, Male
- Kink
- Leather Culture
- Lesbian “Bed Death”
- Long-Term Same-Sex Couples
- Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM)
- Mixed-Orientation Marriages
- Monogamy and Non-Monogamy
- Monosexism
- Pansexuality
- Parent Gender Transition and Intimate Relationship Changes
- Polyamorous Parenting
- Polyamory
- Pornography
- Prison Rape
- Romantic Friendships
- Sex Therapy
- Sex Work and Criminalization
- Sex Work and Prostitution, Female
- Sex Work and Prostitution, Male
- Sexology
- Sexual Addiction and Compulsions
- Sexual Agreements and Arrangements
- Sexual Attraction, Behavior, and Identity
- Sexual Compulsivity, Treatment of
- Sexual Consent
- Sexual Desire and Relationship Quality
- Sexual Education Mandates for Inclusion
- Sexual Fluidity
- Sexual Norms and Practices
- Sexual Risk-Taking
- Transgender People and Division of Labor
- Transgender Sexualities
- Youth and Dating
- Societal Institutions and LGBTQ Issues
- Adoption and Foster Care Discrimination
- Adoption, Legal Considerations in
- Bias in the Criminal Justice System
- Binational Same-Sex Couples and Families
- Biphobia
- Bullying, Legal Protections Against
- Bullying, School-Based Interventions for
- Business
- Community Climate
- Corrective Rape
- Criminal Legal System and LGBTQ People
- Custody and Litigation, LGBQ Parents
- Custody Issues in Transgender Parenting
- DADT
- Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
- Discrimination Against LGBTQ Elders
- Discrimination Against LGBTQ People by Law Enforcement
- Discrimination Against LGBTQ People in the Public Sector
- Discrimination Against LGBTQ People, Cost of
- Discrimination on the Basis of HIV/AIDS in Health Care
- Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell and Public Opinion
- Education
- Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
- Foster Care
- Foster Parenting, Legal Considerations in
- Gay Exclusion in the U.S. Military: Evolution and Demise of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
- Gay Exclusion in the U.S. Military: Evolution and Demise of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell
- Gender Identity Discrimination as Sex Discrimination
- Hate Crimes
- Health Care System
- Health Insurance Coverage for Transgender People, Access to
- Heteronormativity
- Heterosexism
- HIV/AIDS in Prison
- Homelessness
- Homonormativity
- Homophobia
- Housing, Protection Against Discrimination in
- Immigration
- Incarceration
- Juvenile Justice System
- Laws Banning Homosexuality and Sodomy
- Legal Consciousness
- Microaggressions
- Military and LGBTQ People
- Military and Transgender People
- Minority Stress
- Monosexism
- No Promo Homo Policies
- Nondiscrimination Protections, State and Local
- Police Officers/Law Enforcement Officials
- Policing Masculinities and Femininities
- Pornography
- Poverty
- Prison Rape
- Religion/Spirituality and LGBTQ People
- Religious Freedoms and LGBTQ Rights
- Rural and Urban Communities
- School Climate
- Schools as Heteronormative Spaces
- School-to-Prison Pipeline
- Sex Work and Criminalization
- Sexual Minorities and Violence
- Sexual Orientation Discrimination as Sex Discrimination
- Social Class
- Spatial/Social Location of LGBT Persons
- Sports, Sexual-Minority Men in
- Sports, Sexual-Minority Women in
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals and Bathrooms
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth and the Legal System
- Transgender Geographies
- Transgender Inmates
- Transgender People and Violence
- Transphobia
- Violence and Victimization of Youth
- Workplace Discrimination
- Work
- Business
- Career Development and Trajectories
- Education
- Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)
- Gender Transition at Work
- Health Care Plans
- Leadership
- Leisure
- LGBT Consumer Market, The
- Mentoring
- Physicians
- Police Officers/Law Enforcement Officials
- Professional Athletes
- Sports, Sexual-Minority Men in
- Sports, Sexual-Minority Women in
- Strategic Disclosure
- Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals and Bathrooms
- Veterans
- Visual Arts
- Work Environments
- Work-Family Interface, LGBQ Parents
- Workplace Discrimination
- Workplace Friendships
- Workplace Policies
- Workplace Relationships
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