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Asia, Central
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to the border of China in the east and encompasses the five former Soviet Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the region has been characterized by varying degrees of authoritarianism. Attitudes toward the practice of journalism, and media freedom more generally, in the decades since then have often been viewed by outside observers as key indicators of wider political ideologies.
This entry discusses the media systems in each of the five Central Asian countries. Few of these countries have been able to establish open and transparent media systems since gaining their independence. Critical reporting is frequently obstructed, with censorship rife across the region. A long ...
- Broadcast Organizations
- Broadcast Technology
- Broadcast, Past and Present
- Broadcast, Practiced and Defined
- Broadcast, Radio
- Broadcast, Television
- Cultural Issues in Journalism
- Émigré News Media
- African American News Media
- Asian American News Media
- Democracy and the Media
- Diversity in Journalism
- Ethnic Press
- Feminist News Media
- Indigenous News Media
- Latino News Media
- LGBTQ Issues, Coverage of
- LGBTQ Journalism
- News Audiences, U.S.
- News Avoidance
- News Deserts
- Race and Ethnicity, Coverage of
- Religious News Media
- Social Movements and Journalism
- Economics of Journalism
- Advertising
- Advertising, Ethics in
- Advertorials
- Audience Research
- Audiences
- Circulation
- Classified Advertising
- Clickbait
- Convergence
- Digital Advertising
- Discussion Boards
- Employment
- Fake News
- Free Daily Newspapers
- Hoaxes
- Infotainment
- Labor Unions in Media
- Marketing
- Media Conglomerates
- Media Markets
- Media Monopoly
- Media Ownership
- News Deserts
- Newspaper Chains, Ownership of
- Nonprofit Media
- Paywalls
- Self-Publishing
- Freedom of the Press in American History
- Issues and Controversies, Coverage of
- Journalism Online, Practiced and Defined
- Journalism, Practiced and Defined
- Amplification
- Byline
- Citizen Journalism
- Consultants, News
- Corrections Policies
- Documentaries
- Editing, Print Media
- Editorials
- Editors, Roles and Responsibilities
- Embedded Reporters
- Feature Syndicates
- Freelance Writers and Stringers
- Hard Versus Soft News
- Human Interest Journalism
- Internships and Training Programs
- Interpretive Journalism
- Inverted Pyramid
- Journalism Awards
- Literary Journalism
- Local Journalism
- Longform Journalism
- Materiality
- Natural Disasters, Coverage of
- News as Narrative
- News Conferences
- News Organizations
- News Syndication
- Newsroom Culture
- Obituaries
- Participatory Journalism
- Press Pools
- Producers
- Publishers
- Recording
- Solutions Journalism
- Sources
- Sources, Anonymous
- Sportswriters
- Time in Journalism
- Trauma, Coverage of
- Journalism Techniques
- Journalism Types
- Agriculture Journalism
- Alternative News Media
- Business Journalism
- Citizen Journalism
- Civic Journalism
- Constructive Journalism
- Entertainment Journalism
- Entrepreneurial Journalism
- Environmental Journalism
- Food Journalism
- Health and Medicine Journalism
- Human Interest Journalism
- Hyperlocal Journalism
- Innovation Journalism
- Interpretive Journalism
- Labor Journalism
- Lifestyle Journalism
- Literary Journalism
- Longform Journalism
- Peace Journalism
- Religion Journalism
- Science and Technology Journalism
- Sports Journalism
- Student Journalism
- Terrorism, Coverage of
- Travel Journalism
- Weather Journalism
- Journalism, International
- Journalism, International Organizations
- Journalism, U.S.
- Los Angeles Times
- New York Times, The
- Stars and Stripes
- USA Today
- Wall Street Journal, The
- Washington Post, The
- Associated Press
- Bloomberg
- Breitbart
- Comcast
- Dow Jones
- Gannett
- McClatchy
- MediaNews
- News Audiences, U.S.
- News Corporation
- Nexstar Media Group
- Tribune Publishing Company
- U.S. International Communications
- United Press International
- Walt Disney Company, The
- WarnerMedia
- Law and Policy
- Antitrust
- Boycotts
- Censorship
- Copyright
- Criminal Justice and Journalism
- Espionage Act
- Fairness Doctrine
- First Amendment
- Free Press and Fair Trial
- Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
- Gag Orders
- Images, Ownership of
- Indecency and Obscenity
- International and Comparative Journalism Law
- Libel
- Net Neutrality
- Newspaper Preservation Act
- PATRIOT Act
- Pentagon Papers
- Plagiarism
- Prior Restraint
- Privacy
- Public Funding
- Secrecy and Leaks
- Section 230, Communications Decency Act
- Sedition Act of 1798
- Sexual Harassment in Journalism
- Shield Law
- Stamp Act
- Sunshine Laws
- Supreme Court and Journalism
- Telecommunications Act of 1996
- Media Regulation and Oversight
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
- Antitrust
- Censorship
- Commission on Freedom of the Press
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
- Free Flow of Information
- Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
- Indecency and Obscenity
- Internet: Impact on the Media
- Net Neutrality
- Newspaper Preservation Act
- Positive First Amendment
- Press Freedom
- Secrecy and Leaks
- Section 230, Communications Decency Act
- Shield Law
- Sunshine Law
- Telecommunications Act of 1996
- Media Theories
- Photojournalism, Issues and History
- Press and Politics, The
- Print Production
- Print, Historical Issues and People
- International Herald Tribune
- Publick Occurrences
- Bly, Nellie
- Cables, Undersea
- Douglass, Frederick
- English Roots of the Free Press
- Fourth Estate
- Fuller, Margaret
- Graham, Katharine
- Gutenberg Press
- Hearst, William Randolph
- Hemingway, Ernest
- Hersey, John
- Luce, Henry Robinson
- Morse Code
- Muckrakers
- New Journalism
- Partisan Press
- Penny Press
- Pulitzer, Joseph
- Stunt Journalism
- Telegraph
- Watergate
- Wells-Barnett, Ida B.
- Yellow Journalism
- Yellow Kid
- Print, Practiced and Defined
- Public Relations, Issues and History
- Social and Ethical Aspects of Journalism
- Access to Media
- Advertising, Ethics in
- Arts Journalism
- Bias
- Blacklisting
- Comment Sections
- Conflicts of Interest
- Credibility
- Deception
- Digital Journalism Ethics
- Digital Journalism Tools
- Discussion Boards
- Ethics
- Fact-Checking Movement
- Fake News
- Hoaxes
- Human Rights and Journalism
- Infotainment
- Journalism Education
- Juvenile Offenders, Coverage of
- Letters to the Editor
- Media Criticism
- Media Literacy
- News Values
- Objectivity
- Ombudsman
- Parody of News
- Photojournalism, Ethics of
- Plagiarism
- Public Relations, Ethics in
- Pulitzer Prize
- Risk and News
- Satire of News
- Satirists, Political
- Self-Regulation
- Sensationalism
- Social Justice Journalism
- Transparency
- Trust in Journalism
- Vox Pop
- Social Media Organizations
- Technological Aspects of Journalism
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