The roots of mindfulness practice are common to both Eastern and Western spiritual contemplative traditions. It is at once a spiritual, meditative, reflective, psychological, and applied way of intentional living and communicating. As defined in Communicating Across Cultures by Stella Ting-Toomey, as an Eastern Buddhist spiritual practice, mindfulness means attending to one’s own internal assumptions, arising emotions, intentions, cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. Mindful reflexivity requires us to tune in to our own cultural and personal habitual assumptions in scanning a communication scene. It also means “emptying our mind-set” and de-cluttering the internal noises so that we can listen with an in-the-moment pure heart. According to the writings of Buddhist philosophers such as Thich Nhat Hanh and Jon Kabat-Zinn, mindfulness means tracking an unfolding communication ...

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