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Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a psychiatric illness characterized by recurrent manic/hypomanic and/or depressive mood episodes that cause significant impairment in functioning. Bipolar disorder can originate before the age of 18 years and is a chronic condition that continues across the lifespan. This entry describes the history of the modern-day disorder, defines manic and depressive episodes, presents clinical features of and associated with the disorder, defines how a diagnosis of bipolar disorder is made in adults and children, and identifies psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions that are efficacious in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
History of Bipolar Disorder
Variations in moods and energy levels have been described for centuries. The modern concept of manic depression, characterized by biphasic mood shifts between mania and depression, ...
- Assessment and Diagnosis
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
- International Classification of Diseases, History of
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- Assessment of the Very Young Child
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- Chromosomal Microarray
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- Education
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- Mentoring
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- International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision
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- Mainstreaming, History of
- Special Education, History of
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- Adjustment Disorders
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- Developmental Coordination Disorder
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- Disorders of Elimination
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- Learning Disorders
- Nonverbal Learning Disability
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- School Refusal
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- Education for All Handicapped Children Act
- Ethical Issues in Education
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- Ethical Issues in Research, History of
- Ethical Issues in Treatment
- Federal Funding for Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Financial Abuse
- Free Appropriate Public Education
- Funding Services for Adults With Developmental Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Guardianship
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- Labeling, Impact of
- Labeling, Pros and Cons of
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- Special Education Law: U.S. Supreme Court Cases
- Research
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- Epidemiology
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- Future Research Directions in Developmental Disabilities
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- Brainstem
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- Concussion
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- Down Syndrome: Medical Concerns and Comorbid Disorders
- Encephalitis
- Endophenotypes
- Failure to Thrive
- Frontal Lobes
- Genetics of Intellectual Development
- Hemispheric Asymmetries
- Herpes Simplex
- Hormones
- Human Genome Project
- Hydrocephalus
- Iatrogenic Effects
- Intellectual Disability, Biology of
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- Limbic System
- Maternal Substance Abuse
- Media Use by Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Meningitis
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- Monogenic Disorders
- Mosaicism
- Myelination and Connectivity
- Neural Plasticity
- Neuroimaging Methods
- Neurotransmitters
- Nutrition in Childhood and Adolescence
- Nutrition, Prenatal
- Nutrition: Importance in First Years of Life
- Polygenic Risk
- Postnatal Risk Factors
- Prenatal Risk Factors
- Preterm Birth
- Rubella
- Temporal Lobe
- Teratogens
- Theories and Causes: Psychological and Sociocultural Perspectives
- Attachment Theory
- Autism, Rising Prevalence of: Epidemiology
- Autism, Rising Prevalence of: Theories
- Disability Discrimination: U.S. Supreme Court Cases
- Down Syndrome: Cognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Presentation
- Ecological Systems Theory
- Environmental Considerations in Social Participation of Children With Developmental Disabilities
- Environmental Risk Factors
- Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
- Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
- Intelligence, Theories of
- Intelligence: Environmental Factors
- Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
- Vulnerability Stress Model
- Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development
- Therapies and Interventions
- Access to Treatment for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Accessible Design
- Adaptive Functioning
- Anchored Instruction
- Applied Behavior Analysis
- Art Therapy
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- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Misuse of Stimulant Medications
- Augmentative and Alternative Communication
- Behavior Modification
- Behavior Therapy
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- Braille, Use in Individuals With Visual Impairment
- Classroom Aides
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- Dementia
- Dementia and Aging in Down Syndrome
- Discrete Trial Training
- Early Intervention
- Early Start Denver Model
- Executive Function Coaching
- Extinction
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- Flooding
- Floortime
- Functional Inclusion
- Intellectual Disability: Historical Changes in Terminology
- Male Brain Theory of Autism
- Mentoring
- Metacognitive Training
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- Mood Stabilizers
- Music Therapy
- Nutritional Therapies for Children With Developmental Disabilities
- Occupational Therapy
- Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
- Personalized Supports
- Phonics-Based Interventions
- Physical Therapy
- Picture Exchange Communication System
- Pivotal Response Therapy
- Portage Project
- Positive Parenting of Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Prenatal Care
- Probiotics
- Psychopharmacological Interventions
- Relationship Development Intervention
- Social Inclusion
- Speech and Language Pathologists
- Stimulant Medications
- Systematic Desensitization
- Technology for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
- Treatment Planning
- UCLA Young Autism Project
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