Shaken baby syndrome is a type of nonaccidental childhood trauma and a leading cause of infant mortality. It is the second most common cause of death in children under 1 year of age, after sudden infant death syndrome. It occurs due to the violent and forceful shaking or hitting of a child, which can often lead to permanent brain damage or death. Such harm is usually inflicted by a caregiver who has become frustrated by a child’s inconsolable or excessive crying. The child may initially seem normal after the abuse but develop neurologic or behavioral changes later. A timely diagnosis, supportive care, and removal of the child from the abusive environment are the first steps of management. Children up to 4 years of age may ...