Neuroconstructivism is a theoretical framework for the study of cognitive development, emerging from the work of several authors, including Mark Johnson, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Denis Mareschal, Gert Westermann, and Michael Thomas, and articulated in two volumes published in 2007. The neuro- affix represents the theory’s commitment to explaining the process of cognitive development within the context of human brain development. Neuroconstructivism advocates that theories of cognition should be constrained by but not wholly reduced to the neural substrate in which it is situated. Constructivism refers to the Piagetian perspective that mental representations (which reflect human knowledge and influence human behavior) progressively increase in complexity during development via experience-dependent processes.