Research on gender and leadership has indicated many differences between the ways that men and women tend to act when serving as leaders, including within higher education institutions. Generally, women are thought to be more concerned with the common good, positive impacts, and harmony, while men focus more on winning and using their legal authority in management and leadership. In this regard, women are quite flexible in applying institutional management rules and principles to managing their subordinates, delegating tasks primarily based on professional abilities and personal traits. Additionally, women leaders frequently observe their subordinates, consider their emotions, and show respect for them when identifying and discussing their errors and weaknesses. Women leaders have cited sincerity, openness, caring, inclusiveness, and respect as important in eliciting effectiveness, ...