The Paleo diet (often referred to as the Paleolithic, caveman, or Stone Age diet) is a diet plan based on the concept that modern humans are best adapted to consume the same types of foods as our preagricultural hunter-gatherer ancestors. This approach rests on research investigating the evolution of the Homo genus, positing that human ancestors ate uncultivated fruits, vegetables, and nuts (no legumes or grains), as well as lean meat, organs, and bone marrow from wild [Page 1113]animals (no dairy). Advocates of the Paleo diet argue that because plants and animals were not domesticated until 10,000 years ago, just a small fraction of our evolutionary past, humans’ core metabolic and physiological processes are better suited to the much longer Paleolithic period lasting from about ...