Traditional educational and instructional solutions in the workplace are aimed at improving the skills and knowledge of workers, but organizational leaders are ultimately interested in, and accountable for, performance results. In this sense, improving learning at the worker level adds value only to the extent that it measurably contributes to the attainment of worthwhile organizational performance objectives. Roger Kaufman argues that a critical distinction must be made between means and ends. It is important to recognize that educational technology concepts, tools, and products are some of the means organizations can use to improve learning at the worker level. However, these means should never be picked before carefully determining what organizational performance results we are responsible for accomplishing, what gaps exist between those desired results and ...