Neurologically Based Learning and Instruction

The mind-body problem has been discussed for many years. This problem has emerged with the idea that the central nervous system in humans anatomically and physiologically affects the human mind and is impressed by it in return. Although numerous approaches exist to clarify this issue, the currently accepted approach is psychophysical interactionism. This approach asserts [Page 536]that the body and mind are two separate entities, but that they interact with each other (modifying and transforming the other). According to this approach, the mind is systematically carrying out complex processes that reveal behaviors. All biological and physical activities are associated with mental activity. This entry first discusses historical thinking on the mind and behavior, then describes the structure of the brain and explains individual differences in ...