Model-Based Approaches

Model-based approaches describe the underlying phenomena of human thinking and learning. Central to model-based approaches is the construct of mental models, which are characterized as internal representations for understanding objects and actions of the world as well as predicting future events. Given that mental models are multimodal and multidimensional internal constructs, a direct assessment of mental models is impossible. Nevertheless, computer-based tools for the assessment of externalized mental models have been developed that provide rich opportunities for applications in research and practice. This entry first discusses the theory of mental models and how mental models are created in the learning process. The entry then discusses tools for the assessment of mental models and future directions for model-based assessment and analysis.