Programming is a unique activity that uses software development tools, algorithms, software practices, and software design to create software. Competency in programming implies the ability to produce software [Page 452]efficiently and effectively. Learning analytics offers a means to derive programming competency using big data as the underlying premise. This entry provides an overview of the sorts of data generated by learners in a programming environment and examines how these semi-structured data are used by analytical tools to help those learners strengthen their coding skills.