Vulnerability in learning refers to a learner’s acceptance of the sense of dissonance, resistance, and fears associated with the effort to learn, as well as efforts revolving around self-efficacy. The concept of vulnerability within the learning process and the learning environment is relevant to the topic of educational technology. Vulnerability is directly affected by the social presence of the learner within a learning community, with social engagement being a vital component in more fully understanding the knowledge. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky argued that social presence was important for a sense of community and creativity. Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that communicating with others was essential for developing understanding.

Social cognitive effort may be described as the impact of the social environment on the way a person understands information ...

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