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Animal Spirits
Animal spirits is a term most famously employed by J. M. Keynes in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money to describe what has been characterized as waves of spontaneous optimism in the economy, noneconomic and/or irrational motivations, speculative economic activity, exogenous or random shocks to beliefs, self-fulfilling prophecies, irrational exuberance, or innate psychological drives, depending on the interpretation of this term that is being presented.
The famous passage from The General Theory on the investment process undertaken by entrepreneurs within capitalism is as follows:
There is the instability due to the characteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than on a mathematical expectation.… Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive … can only ...
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- Fraternities and Sororities
- Frequent Flyer Programs
- Gangs
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- Grameen Bank
- Hobby Networks
- Human Rights Networks
- Identity Theft
- Immigration Networks
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- Investment Clubs
- Kickstarter
- Local Exchange Trading Systems (LETS)
- Loyalty Points
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- Neighborhood Organizations
- Network Analysis
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- MARKED: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration
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- Leninism
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- National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peoples (NAACP)
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- Occupy Wall Street
- Performing Race
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- Psychology, Attitudes, and Emotions
- What Color Is Your Parachute?
- Abundance and Scarcity
- Animal Spirits
- Antisocial Behavior
- Arousal and Economic Evaluation
- Attention, Capture of
- Automatic Impulse
- Bargaining
- Competition
- Customer Satisfaction
- Discounting
- Easterlin Paradox
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- Evolutionary Psychology and Economics
- Failure, Reactions to
- Fear
- Focus Groups
- Guarantees
- Habit
- Loneliness and Spending
- Mood (Irrational Exuberance)
- Nudges and Behavioral Economics
- Omnivorous Consumption
- Perception of Others
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- Personality
- Planned Parenthood
- Prejudice
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- Quality of Life
- Resilience
- Risk Taking
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- Stigma
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- Time, Understandings of
- Waste
- Working Memory
- Religious Life
- Charismatic Capitalism
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- Rich Dad Poor Dad
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- Small Business Administration (SBA)
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