The fear of crime has been a pervasive concern for citizens, particularly with respect to street crimes. John Fuller suggests that these crimes of concern are not necessarily violent crimes, though they can be, but personal offenses that happen on a smaller scale and that can occur in either public or private spaces. Victimization by such crimes often results from the routine activities of an individual, in combination with a variety of factors, particularly personal and economic factors, related to the offender. To ease the fear and concern of citizens regarding victimization, a vast amount of resources are directed toward both preventative and proactive measures of crime control and reduction.