Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of

High rates of neurodevelopmental disorders have been found within the criminal justice system. Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of disorders in which the development of the central nervous system is disturbed, which can be manifested as neuropsychiatric problems or impaired motor function, learning, language, or nonverbal communication. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), the standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals in the United States—an entire class of disorders that are usually diagnosed in the earlier developmental stages of the human life course, including intellectual/learning disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—are outlined under the umbrella term neurodevelopmental disorders. Historically, these disorders were thought of as first occurring in childhood or as ...