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Need Principle
In 1990, Canadian researchers Donald Andrews, James Bonta and Robert Hoge proposed three principles that would form the foundation for all effective correctional programming. That is, they outlined the three necessary conditions needed in interventions and treatments for offenders in order to reduce risk of reoffending as well as reduce recidivism (reoffending) rates. This model is known as the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model of effective correctional treatment. The core of the RNR model is targeting treatment on criminogenic needs (i.e., crime-causing factors).
The risk principle identifies who should receive the most treatment (i.e., the most intensive treatment services should be directed to the highest risk offenders, and low-risk offenders should receive minimum intensity programming). The responsivity principle describes how the treatment should unfold (e.g., use empirically supported ...
- Biases in Crime Policies and Prevention
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- Risk Assessment, Actuarial
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- Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG)
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- Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20)
- Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)
- Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START:AV)
- Spousal Assault Risk Assessment (SARA)
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- Violence Risk Scale (VRS)
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- Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory 2.0 (YLS/CMI 2.0)
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- Offender Risk Assessment and Risk Level Classification
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- Offender-Crime Theories and Typologies Criminal Organizations and Networks
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- Prison Services and Treatment
- “Nothing Works” Debate
- Ruiz v. Estelle (1980)
- Antisocial Personality Disorder in Incarcerated Offenders, Treatment of
- Basic Mental Health Services Versus Rehabilitation
- Bi-Adaptive Model of Mental Illness and Criminalness
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- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Social Learning Theory
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- Criminalness
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- Community Context and Mass Incarceration
- Comprehensive Correctional Plans
- Contingency Management
- Correctional Boot Camps
- Correctional Program Assessment Inventory (CPAI)
- Correctional Rehabilitation Programs, Evaluation of
- Cost-Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Versus Incarceration
- Criminogenic Needs
- Desistance
- Domestically Violent Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Domestically Violent Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Drug Testing
- Electronic Monitoring
- Evidence-Informed Tools for Assessing Correctional Rehabilitation Programs
- Faith-Based Initiatives
- Family-Focused Therapy
- Good Lives Model
- Inmate Denial of Criminal Risk
- Intensive Supervisory Probation
- Juvenile Offenders: Developmental Treatment Considerations
- Juvenile Offenders: Treatment Models and Approaches
- Mental Health Treatment
- Minor Criminal Risk Factors
- Motivation to Change
- Multisystemic Therapy
- Need Principle
- Offender Treatment Attrition
- Offender Treatment Attrition and Retention, Responsivity Issues
- Offenders With Mental Disorders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Personality Pathology
- Physical and Mental Health Treatment
- Police–Probation Partnerships
- Psychopathic Offenders, Treatment of
- Psychopathic Offenders: Ineffective Treatment Programs
- Psychopathic Offenders: Promising Treatment Programs
- Psychopathic Offenders: Treatment Challenges and Controversies
- Punishing Smarter Programs
- Punishment
- Punishment, Effective Principles of
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- Reentry, Best Practices for
- Rehabilitation
- Repeat Offenders
- Responsivity Principle
- Restitution
- Restorative Justice
- Risk Principle
- Risk Principle, Illustrative Applications of
- Risk-Need-Responsivity, Principles of
- Sexual Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Sexual Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Spirituality
- Strategic Training Initiative in Community Supervision (STICS)
- Substance Use Treatment for Offenders With Mental Disorders
- Treatment Dosage and Treatment Effectiveness
- Treatment Foster Care Oregon
- Violent Offenders: Treatment Approaches
- Violent Offenders: Treatment Outcome Research
- Vocational Education
- Research in Criminal Psychology
- Crime Linkage Analysis
- Experimental Criminology, Research Methods in
- Forensic Psychology, Research Methods in
- Inmate Research Interviews
- Knowledge Destruction Versus Knowledge Cumulation
- Measurements and Scales, Use in Forensic Research
- Meta-Analysis
- Psychopathic Offenders: Current State of the Research
- Research in Criminal Psychology
- Self-Reports and Questionnaires
- Sequential Intercept Model
- Stanford Prison Experiment
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- Correctional Service Canada
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- Law Enforcement Agencies
- National Institute of Justice
- U.S. Department of Homeland Security
- U.S. Department of Justice
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- Theories of Crime
- Alcohol and Aggression
- Behavioral Genetics and Other Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior
- Behavioral Theory of Crime
- Crime Mapping
- Criminal Attitudes
- Criminal Careers and Offending Trajectories
- Criminal Lifestyle
- Criminalization Hypothesis
- Developmental Theories of Crime: Maltreatment
- Differential Association Theory
- Economics of Crime
- Family Systems Theory of Crime
- Feminist Perspectives on Crime
- Homelessness and Crime
- Life Course Perspectives on Crime
- Media: Influence on Crime
- Neighborhood and Crime
- Neighborhood Effects, Theory of
- Poverty and Crime
- Psychoanalytic Theory of Crime
- Psychology of Criminal Conduct
- Social Bond Theory
- Social Control Theory
- Social Disorganization Theory
- Social Drift Theory
- Social Learning Theory of Crime
- Sociological Theories of Crime
- Strain Theory of Crime
- Techniques of Neutralization
- War Crimes
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