Denial and minimization refer to some degree of refuting facts related to an offense whereby denial may be complete refutation and minimization may include some degree of refusal to acknowledge victim impact, the commission of an offense, wrongdoing or seriousness of the offense, and/or the need to be sanctioned or receive treatment as a result of the offense behavior. Depending on the offender’s criminal behavior, an offender’s denial may refer to aspects of his or her behavior (e.g., for a sex offender, denial of sexual deviancy; for a batterer, claim of self-defense; and for a murderer, denial of being a violent person). Denial is often deemed a concern by forensic professionals who evaluate and/or treat convicted offenders. In the criminal justice system, it is frequently ...